{"id":7679,"date":"2023-03-09T17:19:38","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T22:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/?p=7679"},"modified":"2023-03-12T23:00:54","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T04:00:54","slug":"gratificacion-aplazada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/2023\/03\/09\/gratificacion-aplazada\/","title":{"rendered":"Gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pureza sexual no es el camino de menos placer (c\u00f3mo com\u00fanmente se asume), es el camino de la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada? Es, en muchos sentidos, lo que nos distingue de los simios: es la habilidad cognitiva de renunciar el disfrute de un placer menor inmediato, con la mira de disfrutar un placer futuro mucho mayor. Aqu\u00ed un par de ejemplos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 El joven egresado de la secundaria renuncia al disfrute de un salario inmediato pero peque\u00f1o en un trabajo poco calificado, invirtiendo a\u00f1os de su juventud en estudios formales sin remuneraci\u00f3n financiera con miras de disfrutar de un futuro salario mucho mayor en una ocupaci\u00f3n profesionalizada.<br>\u2013 El empleado decide tener el 15% de su salario apartado en un fondo de jubilaci\u00f3n, dinero que no podr\u00e1 usar por muchos a\u00f1os, con la esperanza de que cuando se jubile tenga suficiente dinero para disfrutar su vejez sin tener la presi\u00f3n de trabajar.<br>\u2013 La joven, que aspira a ser una gran pianista, renuncia a horas de recreo y, en cambio, las dedica a ejercicios extenuantes y tediosos, para que, con el tiempo, pueda tocar entre los mejores ante grandes audiencias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como pueden ver, entonces, la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada no es un rechazo de la gratificaci\u00f3n en absoluto, por el contrario, es la b\u00fasqueda deliberada de la mayor satisfacci\u00f3n posible. Y as\u00ed es con la sexualidad: a diferencia de los animales, que son esclavos de sus pasiones e instintos, resistes deliberadamente la tentaci\u00f3n de satisfacer cada impulso y capricho sexual, con la esperanza de que un d\u00eda conocer\u00e1s a esa persona digna que te amar\u00e1 y amar\u00e1s y entre los dos, compartir\u00e1n algo especial: una melod\u00eda exclusiva de amor, pasi\u00f3n y completa entrega en los santos lazos del matrimonio. Ser\u00e1 una melod\u00eda que solo ustedes dos conocer\u00e1n, y unidos, encontrar\u00e1n placer sin fin el uno con el otro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La promiscuidad, entonces, es la ant\u00edtesis de la verdadera gratificaci\u00f3n: entorpece la mente y destruye el control deliberado de las facultades mentales sobre el cuerpo, seduciendo a la gente desde una edad temprana que el camino a la satisfacci\u00f3n es una vida sin restricci\u00f3n. Esto, por supuesto, como una neurona sobreexcitada, conduce a la desensibilizaci\u00f3n: cuanto m\u00e1s y m\u00e1s satisfaces tus fetiches sexuales, menos y menos placer obtienes de ellos. Te vuelves esclavo de tus pasiones y, lo que es peor, no obtendr\u00e1s ning\u00fan disfrute verdadero y duradero de ellas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estamos viviendo en esos tiempos de alabada promiscuidad y d\u00f3nde reina una cultura de gratificaci\u00f3n inmediata: y podemos ver los efectos corrosivos que est\u00e1 teniendo en todas las esferas de la vida, desde las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas hasta las estructuras familiares en los hogares. Hoy m\u00e1s que nunca, nuestros hijos necesitan saber que la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada es el mejor camino a mayores y mejores placeres en esta vida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maitreya<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El nombre Maitreya deriva del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A1nscrito\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">s\u00e1nscrito<\/a>&nbsp;(\u092e\u0948\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940) maitr\u012b, \u00abamistad\u00bb (tambi\u00e9n compasi\u00f3n o benevolencia),<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b que a su vez deriva del sustantivo&nbsp;<em>mitra<\/em>&nbsp;\u00abamigo\u00bb. La forma en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pali\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">pali<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Metteyya<\/em>&nbsp;se menciona en el&nbsp;<em>Cakkavatti-S\u012bhan\u0101da Sutta<\/em>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digha-nikaya\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Digha Nikaya<\/a>&nbsp;26) del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canon_Pali\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Canon P\u0101li<\/a>, y tambi\u00e9n en el cap\u00edtulo 28 del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhavamsa\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Buddhavamsa<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-Horner973-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-BDEA3-6\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b La mayor\u00eda de los sermones de Buda se presentan como si hubieran sido presentados en respuesta a una pregunta, o en alg\u00fan otro contexto apropiado, pero este&nbsp;<em>sutta<\/em>&nbsp;tiene un principio y un final en los que Buda habla a los monjes sobre algo totalmente diferente. Esto lleva al acad\u00e9mico Richard Gombrich a concluir que, o bien todo el&nbsp;<em>sutta<\/em>&nbsp;es ap\u00f3crifo, o bien que, como m\u00ednimo, ha sido manipulado.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arte_greco-budista\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">arte greco-budista<\/a>&nbsp;de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gandhara\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gandhara<\/a>, en los primeros siglos de la era cristiana en el norte de la India, Maitreya era la figura m\u00e1s popular en ser representada, junto con el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buda_Gautama\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Buda Gautama<\/a>&nbsp;(a menudo llamado&nbsp;<em>\u015a\u0101kyamuni<\/em>&nbsp;o &#8220;sabio de los&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakia\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Sakia<\/a>&#8220;). En la China de los siglos IV a VI, &#8220;los artesanos budistas utilizaban los nombres de Shakyamuni y Maitreya indistintamente&#8230; indicando tanto que la distinci\u00f3n entre ambos no se hab\u00eda trazado todav\u00eda como que sus respectivas iconograf\u00edas no se hab\u00edan establecido con firmeza.&#8221;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-8\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b Un ejemplo es la escultura de piedra encontrada en el alijo de Qingzhou dedicada a Maitreya en el a\u00f1o 529 d. de C., seg\u00fan consta en la inscripci\u00f3n (actualmente en el Museo de Qingzhou,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shandong\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Shandong<\/a>). La creencia religiosa en Maitreya parece haberse desarrollado en la misma \u00e9poca que la de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amit%C4%81bha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Amit\u0101bha<\/a>, ya en el siglo III d. de C.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-9\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monier_Monier-Williams\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Monier-Williams, Monier<\/a>&nbsp;(1899).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de\/cgi-bin\/monier\/serveimg.pl?file=\/scans\/MWScan\/MWScanjpg\/mw0834-meSUraNa.jpg\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u00abMaitr\u012b\u00bb<\/a>&nbsp;(pdf).&nbsp;<em>Sanskrit-English Dictionary<\/em>&nbsp;(en ingl\u00e9s). Oxford. p.&nbsp;834. Consultado el 22 de septiembre de 2011.&nbsp;en&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090225181006\/http:\/\/www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Archivado<\/a>&nbsp;el 25 de febrero de 2009 en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. de la Universidad de Colonia, Alemania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-Horner973_5-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#refHorner1975\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Horner (1975)<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>The minor anthologies of the Pali canon<\/em>, p. 97. Regarding Metteyya, Bv XXVII, 19: &#8220;I [Gautama Buddha] at the present time am the Self-Awakened One, and there will be Metteyya&#8230;.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-BDEA3_6-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;Buddha Dharma Education Association (2014).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.buddhanet.net\/budvamsa.htm\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u00abSuttanta Pitaka: Khuddaka Nik\u0101ya: 14.Buddhavamsa-History of the Buddhas\u00bb<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Guide to Tipi\u1e6daka<\/em>. Tullera, NSW, Australia: Buddha Dharma Education Association. Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Richard_Gombrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Richard Gombrich<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo.<\/em>&nbsp;Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, pages 83\u201385.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-8\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;Angela Falco Howard et al.,&nbsp;<em>Chinese Sculpture<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2006, p. 228<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-9\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131230234200\/http:\/\/www.tt034.org.tw\/Download\/pdf\/20_03.pdf\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><em>\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5f4c\u52d2\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(en chino),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formosa\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">TW<\/a>: TT034, archivado desde&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tt034.org.tw\/Download\/pdf\/20_03.pdf\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">el original<\/a>&nbsp;el 30 de diciembre de 2013.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The name&nbsp;<em>Maitreya<\/em>&nbsp;is derived from the Sanskrit word&nbsp;<em>maitr\u012b<\/em>&nbsp;&#8220;friendship&#8221;, which is in turn derived from the noun&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitra\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">mitra<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;&#8220;friend&#8221;. The Pali form&nbsp;<em>Metteyya<\/em>&nbsp;is mentioned in the&nbsp;<em>Cakkavatti-S\u012bhan\u0101da Sutta<\/em>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digha_Nikaya\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Digha Nikaya<\/a>&nbsp;26) of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C4%81li_Canon\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">P\u0101li Canon<\/a>, and also in chapter 28 of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhavamsa\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Buddhavamsa<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-Horner97-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-BDEA-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Most of the Buddha&#8217;s sermons are presented as having been presented in answer to a question, or in some other appropriate context, but this sutta has a beginning and ending in which the Buddha is talking to monks about something totally different. This leads scholar&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Gombrich\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Richard Gombrich<\/a>&nbsp;to conclude that either the whole sutta is apocryphal or that it has at least been tampered with.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greco-Buddhist_art\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Greco-Buddhist art<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gandhara\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gandhara<\/a>, in the first centuries CE in northern India, Maitreya was the most popular figure to be represented along with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gautama_Buddha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gautama Buddha<\/a>&nbsp;(often called&nbsp;<em>\u015a\u0101kyamuni<\/em>&nbsp;&#8220;sage of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shakya\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Shakya<\/a>&#8220;). In 4th to 6th-century China, &#8220;Buddhist artisans used the names&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gautama_Buddha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Shakyamuni<\/a>&nbsp;and Maitreya interchangeably&#8230; indicating both that the distinction between the two had not yet been drawn and that their respective iconographies had not yet been firmly set&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-6\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;An example is the stone sculpture found in the Qingzhou cache dedicated to Maitreya in 529 CE as recorded in the inscription (currently in the Qingzhou Museum, Shandong). The religious belief of Maitreya apparently developed around the same time as that of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amit%C4%81bha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Amit\u0101bha<\/a>, as early as the 3rd century CE.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_note-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#refHorner1975\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Horner (1975)<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>The minor anthologies of the Pali canon<\/em>, p. 97. Regarding Metteyya, Bv XXVII, 19: &#8220;I [Gautama Buddha] at the present time am the Self-Awakened One, and there will be Metteyya&#8230;.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-BDEA_3-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jump up to:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-BDEA_3-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Buddha Dharma Education Association (2014).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.buddhanet.net\/budvamsa.htm\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">&#8220;Suttanta Pitaka: Khuddaka Nik\u0101ya: 14.Buddhavamsa-History of the Buddhas&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Guide to Tipi\u1e6daka<\/em>. Tullera, NSW, Australia: Buddha Dharma Education Association. Retrieved&nbsp;2014-12-21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Maitreya-Buddhism\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">&#8220;Maitreya | Buddhism | Britannica&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>www.britannica.com<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;2022-04-16.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Gombrich\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Richard Gombrich<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo.<\/em>&nbsp;Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, pages 83\u201385.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-6\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Angela Falco Howard et al.,&nbsp;<em>Chinese Sculpture<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2006, p. 228<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya#cite_ref-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131230234200\/http:\/\/www.tt034.org.tw\/Download\/pdf\/20_03.pdf\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><em>\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5f4c\u52d2\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;(in Chinese),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formosa\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">TW<\/a>: TT034, archived from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tt034.org.tw\/Download\/pdf\/20_03.pdf\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">the original<\/a>&nbsp;(PDF)&nbsp;on 2013-12-30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>John Edgar Hoover<\/strong>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_D._C.\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Washington&nbsp;D.&nbsp;C.<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_de_enero\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 de enero<\/a>&nbsp;de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1895\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1895<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_de_mayo\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 de mayo<\/a>&nbsp;de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1972<\/a>) fue el primer director de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oficina_Federal_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Oficina Federal de Investigaci\u00f3n de los Estados Unidos<\/a>, m\u00e1s conocida como FBI. READ masonry islam https:\/\/www.masonrytoday.com\/index.php?new_month=1&amp;new_day=1&amp;new_year=2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crean un nuevo m\u00e9todo para fabricar combustible de hidr\u00f3geno solo con aire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un equipo de cient\u00edficos canadienses ha desarrollado un electrolizador capaz de absorber el agua del aire y dividirla en sus dos componentes: hidr\u00f3geno, que se puede usar de combustible, y ox\u00edgeno, que es liberado a la atm\u00f3sfera.  https:\/\/www.muyinteresante.es\/ciencia\/26533.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ojal\u00e1.<\/strong> (<a>Del<\/a>&nbsp;<a>\u00e1r.<\/a>&nbsp;<a>hisp.<\/a>&nbsp;<em>law \u0161\u00e1 ll\u00e1h<\/em>, si Dios quiere). Si Dios quisiera?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yakhchal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las antiguas poblaciones de Persia dominaron el control de temperatura durante el verano en el desierto a partir de los a\u00f1os 440 antes de Cristo. Sin embargo, las primeras referencias hist\u00f3ricas del uso de Yakhchals para producir hielo se remontan al siglo XVII.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_note-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b Un viajero en la ciudad de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ispahan\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ispahan<\/a>&nbsp;los describe de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hab\u00eda multitud de Yakhchals en Ispahan; algunos de ellos eran de uso privado. Sin embargo, los pobres tambi\u00e9n pod\u00edan usar el Yakhchal para enfriar agua. Sorbetes y frutas eran conservados con hielo en todas las tiendas. Grandes trozos de hielo eran llevados por burros y vendidos en toda la provincia. En Ispahan, la gente pod\u00eda comprar hielo en el bazar o directamente del edificio del Yakhchal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ernest Holster, 1870).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_note-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al cabo del tiempo, por m\u00faltiples razones, los yakhchales dejaron de utilizarse progresivamente hasta caer en desuso. La principal raz\u00f3n de su declive fueron los refrigeradores modernos, que permit\u00edan producir hielo de manera individualizada y con menos esfuerzo. Adem\u00e1s, el hielo industrial era m\u00e1s limpio que el de los yakhchales, que sol\u00eda estar mezclado con polvo y tierra proveniente del estanque. Por \u00faltimo, la fuerte erosi\u00f3n provocada por el viento (sobre todo en zonas des\u00e9rticas) hac\u00eda que los yakhchales requirieran un mantenimiento constante.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_note-overview-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las partes sobre la tierra del Yakhchal estaban conectadas a los&nbsp;<em>qanath<\/em>&nbsp;(un sistema de canalizaciones de agua en el desierto) y tambi\u00e9n recib\u00edan agua a partir de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captador_de_viento\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">captadores de viento<\/a>. Durante la estaci\u00f3n fr\u00eda el agua se destinaba hacia el estanque, el cual se helaba durante la noche. Al amanecer, el hielo era cortado en trozos y llevado al almac\u00e9n de hielo. Como el almac\u00e9n de hielo ten\u00eda forma c\u00f3nica, el aire atrapado en su interior se calentaba bajo la c\u00fapula, mientras que las capas inferiores permanec\u00edan frescas.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_note-overview-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b En ocasiones, los Yakhchal presentaban sistemas adicionales para mejorar la producci\u00f3n de hielo, como un pozo bajo la estructura para evacuar el exceso de agua de deshielo. Tambi\u00e9n pod\u00edan poseer varios canales de agua que enfriaban las piedras del canal del cual se extra\u00eda el hielo, as\u00ed como el per\u00edmetro exterior de la b\u00f3veda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mokhlesi, M. (2012). \u00abTraditional Refrigerators, the Forgotten Masterpieces\u00bb.&nbsp;<em>The Second Congress on Architecture and Urban Planning History<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>: 685-98.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;Holster, Ernest (1870).&nbsp;<em>Iran in hundred and thirteen years ago<\/em>&nbsp;(en ingl\u00e9s). p.&nbsp;47.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_ref-overview_3-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Saltar a:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yakhchal#cite_ref-overview_3-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Hosseini, Bahareh; Namazian, Ali (2012). \u00abAn overview of Iranian ice repositories, an example of traditional indigenous architecture\u00bb.&nbsp;<em>METU JFA<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>29<\/strong>&nbsp;(2): 223-234.&nbsp;<small><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4305%2FMETU.JFA.2012.2.10\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">10.4305\/METU.JFA.2012.2.10<\/a><\/small>.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.muyinteresante.es\/ciencia\/26533.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientists have worked out how to generate electricity from thin air<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Copyright&nbsp; Federico Beccari By&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rachsgraham\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Rachel Graham<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18\/02\/2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientists have worked out a way to generate energy from nothing but the air around us, and not by using wind turbines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed a device that uses a natural protein to create electricity from humidity and moisture present in the air across the globe. They say the new technology could have change the face of renewable energy with the potential to put the brakes on climate change by burning fewer fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/04\/51\/35\/56\/808x608_cmsv2_f1506ced-c0d4-5992-877f-2a1d26248b4d-4513556.jpg\" alt=\"Derek Lovley\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Currently the prototype devices are tiny, but they can power small devices.<\/em>Derek Lovley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u2018Air-gen\u2019 or air-powered generator contains tiny electrically conductive wires called protein nanowire, which are produced by microbes. The generator connects electrodes to the nanowires meaning electricity is generated from water vapour in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe are literally making electricity out of thin air,\u201d says electrical engineer Jun Yao, who was behind the invention alongside microbiologist Derek Lovley. \u201cThe Air-gen generates clean energy 24\/7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/green\/2020\/02\/18\/scientists-have-worked-out-how-to-generate-electricity-from-thin-air#:~:text=The%20%27Air%2Dgen%27%20or,water%20vapour%20in%20the%20atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This invention is about advanced version of recharging battery (6) for electric car. Air resistance pressure generated when travelling a car makes the blade (2, 2-1) rotate, and this rotary force is converted into electrical energy by power generator (5) and the battery (6). The rotary force is maximized by increase in air speed through louver-type cylinder (12), interaction between electrical energy converted by coil (14) inside the cylinder and magnet (13) put on the blades (2, 2-1). https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/WO1999044853A1\/en <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fergie Olver<\/strong>&nbsp;is a Canadian former&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Game_show\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">game show<\/a>&nbsp;host and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sportscaster\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">sportscaster<\/a>. He is best known for co-hosting the 1980s children&#8217;s game show&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Just_Like_Mom\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Just Like Mom<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;with his wife&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Swing\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Catherine Swing<\/a>, and his work as a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_commentator\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">broadcaster<\/a>&nbsp;and dugout reporter for the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toronto_Blue_Jays\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Toronto Blue Jays<\/a>. Olver&#8217;s daughter,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carrie_Olver\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Carrie Olver<\/a>, is known for her work on shopping channels and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Weather_Network\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">The Weather Network<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Islam <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizancio\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bizancio<\/a>, el s\u00edmbolo se asoci\u00f3 con su diosa patrona&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artemisa\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Artemisa<\/a>&nbsp;y su versi\u00f3n romanizada&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diana_(mitolog%C3%ADa)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Diana<\/a>&nbsp;con la griega j\u00f3nica o&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caria\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">caria<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%A9cate\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">H\u00e9cate<\/a>, y se utiliza como una representaci\u00f3n de las diosas de la Luna en la \u00e9poca grecorromana. Las representaciones antiguas del s\u00edmbolo siempre muestran la media luna con cuernos o sin ellos apuntando hacia arriba y con la estrella (a menudo con ocho rayos) colocada dentro de la media luna usadas como protecci\u00f3n y buena fortuna. Este arreglo tambi\u00e9n se encuentra en las monedas del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperio_sas%C3%A1nida\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Imperio sas\u00e1nida<\/a>, luego de la conquista del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperio_bizantino\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Imperio bizantino<\/a>. Por parte del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperio_otomano\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Imperio otomano<\/a>&nbsp;mucho de la cultura bizantina grecorromana lleg\u00f3 a fusionarse con las culturales de su invasor y conquistador de origen en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asia_Central\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Asia<\/a>&nbsp;Central. Probablemente con el tiempo el s\u00edmbolo fue adoptado como una forma de manifestaci\u00f3n de identidad \u00e9tnico-religiosa por todo el imperio siendo o no de origen&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pueblos_t%C3%BArquicos\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">turco<\/a>, eso provoc\u00f3 que muchos de los pa\u00edses que se formaron luego de la disoluci\u00f3n del imperio usaran el s\u00edmbolo para representar su religi\u00f3n. Tanto as\u00ed que se volvi\u00f3 un s\u00edmbolo del Islam mundialmente conocido, tanto que sobrepas\u00f3 las fronteras del antiguo imperio y lleg\u00f3 a otros pa\u00edses musulmanes fuera del imperio<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REVIEWING the so called <em>The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(1926) is a collection of 17th-century and 18th-century English translations of some&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Testament_Pseudepigrapha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Old Testament Pseudepigrapha<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Testament_apocrypha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">New Testament apocrypha<\/a>, some of which were assembled in the 1820s, and then republished with the current title in 1926.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan<\/a>&nbsp;(The First and Second Book of Adam and Eve) [it should not be confused with the life of adam and eve book]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Book_of_Enoch\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">The Secrets of Enoch<\/a>&nbsp;(also known as the Slavonic Enoch or Second Enoch). The&nbsp;<strong>Second Book of Enoch<\/strong>&nbsp;(abbreviated as&nbsp;<strong>2 Enoch<\/strong>&nbsp;and also known as&nbsp;<strong>Slavonic Enoch<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Slavic Enoch<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>Secrets of Enoch<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psalms_of_Solomon\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Psalms of Solomon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odes_of_Solomon\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Odes of Solomon<\/a> The&nbsp;<strong>Odes of Solomon<\/strong>&nbsp;are a collection of 42&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ode\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">odes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Letter of Aristeas<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates<\/strong>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hellenistic\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hellenistic<\/a>&nbsp;work of the 3rd or early 2nd century BC, considered by some Biblical scholars to be&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudepigrapha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">pseudepigraphical<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas#cite_note-Harris-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The letter is the earliest text to mention the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Alexandria\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Library of Alexandria<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas#cite_note-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Letter_of_Aristeas_(Vat._gr._747_f._1r).jpg\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beginning of the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 11th century.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josephus\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Josephus<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas#cite_note-Josephus-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;who paraphrases about two-fifths of the letter, ascribes it to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Aristeas_of_Marmora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Aristeas of Marmora<\/a>&nbsp;and to have been written to a certain Philocrates. The letter describes the Greek translation of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hebrew_Bible\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hebrew Bible<\/a>&nbsp;by seventy-two interpreters sent into&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Egypt<\/a>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jerusalem<\/a>&nbsp;at the request of the librarian of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandria\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Alexandria<\/a>, resulting in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Septuagint\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Septuagint<\/a>&nbsp;translation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4_Maccabees\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">The Fourth Book of Maccabees<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Story_of_Ahikar\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">The Story of Ahikar<\/a> The&nbsp;<em><strong>Story of A\u1e25iqar<\/strong><\/em>, also known as the&nbsp;<em><strong>Words of A\u1e25iqar<\/strong><\/em>, is a story first attested in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Aramaic\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Imperial Aramaic<\/a>&nbsp;from the 5th century BCE on papyri from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elephantine\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Elephantine<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Egypt<\/a>, that circulated widely in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_East\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Middle<\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Near_East\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Near East<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_note-CMK-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_note-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_note-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;It has been characterised as &#8220;one of the earliest &#8216;international books&#8217; of world literature&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_note-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testaments_of_the_Twelve_Patriarchs\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs<\/strong>&nbsp;is a constituent of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apocrypha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">apocryphal<\/a>&nbsp;scriptures connected with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bible<\/a>. It is believed to be a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudepigrapha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">pseudepigraphical work<\/a>&nbsp;<s>of the dying commands<\/s> of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">twelve sons<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacob\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jacob<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I Thess. ii. 16 is a quotation of Test. Patr., Levi, 6:10-11;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rom. 12:19 is taken from Gad, 6:7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rom. 12:21 is taken from Benjamin, 4:3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>II Cor. 7:10 is a quote from Gad, 5:7;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ephes. 5:6 appeared first in Naphtali, 3:1.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testaments_of_the_Twelve_Patriarchs#cite_note-26\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later scholarship has highly debated this issue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">http:\/\/www.jewishencyclopedia.com\/view.jsp?artid=163&#038;letter=T&#038;search=testament#620<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_L_Harris\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Harris, Stephen L.<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Understanding the Bible<\/em>. (Palo Alto: Mayfield) 1985; Andr\u00e9 Pelletier, SJ,&nbsp;<em>La Lettre d&#8217;Arist\u00e9e \u00e0 Philocrate<\/em>&nbsp;(Paris) 1962.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;The Cambridge Companion to the City in Literature, edited by Kevin R. McNamara, p.36<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letter_of_Aristeas#cite_ref-Josephus_3-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<em>Antiquities<\/em>&nbsp;XII:ii passim (<a href=\"https:\/\/pace.webhosting.rug.nl\/york\/york\/showText?book=12&amp;chapter=2&amp;textChunk=whistonSection&amp;chunkId=1&amp;go.x=10&amp;go.y=9&amp;text=anti&amp;version=whiston&amp;direction=&amp;tab=&amp;layout=split\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Online<\/a>&nbsp;in Greek and English at York University)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Christa M\u00fcller-Kessler, &#8220;Ahiqar,&#8221; in&nbsp;<em>Brill\u2019s New Pauly,<\/em>&nbsp;Antiquity volumes, ed. by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, English edition by Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes ed. by Manfred Landfester, English Edition by Francis G. Gentry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_ref-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/The-Story-of-Ahikar\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">&#8220;The Story of Ahikar | Pseudepigrapha&#8221;<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Encyclopedia Britannica<\/em>. Retrieved&nbsp;2021-01-23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_ref-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;J. M. Linderberger,&nbsp;<em>Ahiqar (Seventh to Sixth Century B.C.). A New Translation and Introduction<\/em>, in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_H._Charlesworth\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">James H. Charlesworth<\/a>&nbsp;(1985),&nbsp;<em>The Old Testament Pseudoepigrapha<\/em>, Garden City, NY: Doubleday &amp; Company Inc., Volume 2,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-385-09630-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">0-385-09630-5<\/a>&nbsp;(Vol. 1),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-385-18813-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">0-385-18813-7<\/a>&nbsp;(Vol. 2), p. 480. Quote:&#8221;The Aramaic manuscript was discovered by German escavators at Elephantine in 1907. Catalogued by the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_State_Museums\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">K\u00f6nigliche Museen zu Berlin<\/a>&nbsp;as P.13446, most of the manuscript remanins in the museum&#8217;s Papyrus Collection. Column vi (P.13446 J) was subsequently returned to Egypt along with a number of other papyri from Elephantine and is now at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egyptian_Museum\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Egyptian Museum at Cairo<\/a>, where it bears the catalogue number 43502. [&#8230;] The Syriac and the Armenian (which also goes back to a Syr. tradition) are the versions most closely related to the Aramaic.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_Ahikar#cite_ref-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">^<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Ioannis M. Konstantakos, &#8220;A Passage to Egypt: Aesop, the Priests of Heliopolis and the Riddle of the Year (<em>Vita Aesopi<\/em>&nbsp;119\u2013120),&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Trends in Classics<\/em>&nbsp;3, 2011, pp. 83\u2013112, esp. 84).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>1. Books of the Apocrypha:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First and Second Esdras (150-100 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tobit (200 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Judith (150 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additions to Esther (140-130 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wisdom of Solomon (30 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ecclesiasticus, otherwise known as The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach (132 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baruch (150-50 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Letter of Jeremiah (300-100 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Song of the Three Holy Children, an addition in the Greek version of Daniel 3 (170-160 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Susanna (200-0 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bel and the Dragon (100 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additions to Daniel, or the Prayer of Azariah (200-0 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prayer of Manasseh (100-0 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First Maccabees (110 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second Maccabees (110-170 BC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Books of the Pseudepigrapha:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epistle of Barnabas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First (and Second) Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The letter of the Smyrnaeans (also known as The Martyrdom of Polycarp)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Shepherd of Hermas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Book of Enoch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Gospel of Judas (130-170 AD)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>Gospel of Judas<\/strong>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">non-canonical<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnostic_gospel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gnostic gospel<\/a>. The content consists of conversations between&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesus\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jesus<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judas_Iscariot\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Judas Iscariot<\/a>. Given that it includes late 2nd-century theology, it is widely thought to have been composed in the 2nd century (prior to 180 AD) by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnosticism\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gnostic<\/a>&nbsp;Christians,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gospel_of_Judas#cite_note-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;rather than the historic Judas himself. The only copy of it known to exist is a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coptic_language\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Coptic language<\/a>&nbsp;text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Gospel of Thomas (140-170 AD)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Psalms of Solomon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Odes of Solomon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second Baruch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Books of Adam and Eve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Acts of Phillip<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Apocalypse of Peter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Gospel of Nicodemus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El&nbsp;<strong>Evangelio de Nicodemo<\/strong>&nbsp;o&nbsp;<em><strong>Hechos de Pilato<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(<em>Acta Pilati; \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/em>)<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b es un&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_ap%C3%B3crifo\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">evangelio ap\u00f3crifo<\/a>&nbsp;que afirma haber sido derivado de una obra hebrea original escrita por&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicodemo\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nicodemo<\/a>, quien aparece en el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Juan\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Evangelio de Juan<\/a>&nbsp;como un asociado de Jes\u00fas. El t\u00edtulo&nbsp;<em>Evangelio de Nicodemo<\/em>&nbsp;es de origen medieval.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-dating-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b Las fechas de sus secciones acumuladas son inciertas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La secci\u00f3n sobre Pilato es un texto m\u00e1s antiguo que se encuentra en el griego&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hechos_de_Pedro_y_Pablo\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hechos de Pedro y Pablo<\/a>&nbsp;<\/em>y, seg\u00fan la versi\u00f3n sobreviviente,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-the_gospel_of_nicodemus-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b es un documento oficial de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poncio_Pilato\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Poncio Pilato<\/a>&nbsp;(o compuesto a partir de informes en el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Praetorium\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">praetorium<\/a>&nbsp;en Jerusal\u00e9n) que informa los eventos en Judea al emperador&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiberius\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Tiberius<\/a>, y se refiere a la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crucifixi%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">crucifixi\u00f3n de Jes\u00fas<\/a>, as\u00ed como a sus milagros.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-Wilhelm501-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b Contiene el nombre de personajes que han trascendido en la tradici\u00f3n del cristianismo:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buen_Ladr%C3%B3n\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Dimas<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mal_Ladr%C3%B3n\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Gestas<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longino_(santo)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Longinos<\/a>&nbsp;o la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ver%C3%B3nica_(santa)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ver\u00f3nica<\/a>. Escrito hacia 130 d.&nbsp;C. y conservado en el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Papiro_de_Akhmim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Papiro de Akhmim<\/a>&nbsp;(siglos VIII-IX, en griego); en \u00e9l, se relata el episodio de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catabasis\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Catabasis<\/a>&nbsp;o descenso de Cristo a los infiernos.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seg\u00fan los&nbsp;<em>Hechos de Pilatos<\/em>, la versi\u00f3n original se conserv\u00f3 en el&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Praetorium\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">praetorium<\/a>&nbsp;de Jerusal\u00e9n.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_note-the_gospel_of_nicodemus-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u200b Se debate la cuesti\u00f3n del idioma original. M\u00e1s all\u00e1 del griego, las versiones en lat\u00edn, sir\u00edaco, copto, georgiano, eslavo y otros idiomas han sobrevivido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Cmbtm4ZZXF0C&amp;pg=PA419\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u00abThe Gospel of Nicodemus (The Acts of Pilate) A\u00bb<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780199732104\/page\/419\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><em>The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations<\/em><\/a>, Oxford University Press, november 2021, p.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780199732104\/page\/419\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">419<\/a>,&nbsp;<small><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Especial:FuentesDeLibros\/978-0-19-973210-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">978-0-19-973210-4<\/a><\/small>,&nbsp;(requiere registro).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-dating_2-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Saltar a:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-dating_2-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Reid, George (1913). \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikisource.org\/wiki\/en:Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)\/Acta_Pilati\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acta Pilati<\/a>\u00bb.&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic_Encyclopedia\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Catholic Encyclopedia<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(en ingl\u00e9s). Nueva York: Robert Appleton Company.&nbsp;<small><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">OCLC<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/1017058\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1017058<\/a><\/small>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-the_gospel_of_nicodemus_3-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Saltar a:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-the_gospel_of_nicodemus_3-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-the_gospel_of_nicodemus_3-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;El Nuevo Testamento Ap\u00f3crifo&#8221;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Especial:FuentesDeLibros\/9780198261216\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">9780198261216<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150705090754\/http:\/\/folk.uio.no\/lukeb\/books\/apocrypha\/Gospel_of_Nicodemus.pdf\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150705090754\/http:\/\/folk.uio.no\/lukeb\/books\/apocrypha\/Gospel_of_Nicodemus.pdf<\/a>&nbsp;<strong>Error en la cita: Etiqueta&nbsp;<code>&lt;ref&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;no v\u00e1lida; el nombre \u00abthe_gospel_of_nicodemus\u00bb est\u00e1 definido varias veces con contenidos diferentes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2191&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-Wilhelm501_4-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Saltar a:<sup><em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-Wilhelm501_4-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-Wilhelm501_4-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><sup><em><strong>c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Westminster John Knox Press (ed.),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">id = TDW0PeFSvGEC &amp; pg = PA501 \u00abEl evangelio de Nicodemo: Los hechos de Pilato y el descenso de Cristo a los infiernos\u00bb<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Ap\u00f3crifos del Nuevo Testamento: Evangelios y escritos relacionados<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>&nbsp;(Revisado edici\u00f3n), Louisville, KY, pp.&nbsp;501-502,&nbsp;<small><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Especial:FuentesDeLibros\/978-0-664-22721-0\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">978-0-664-22721-0<\/a><\/small>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelio_de_Nicodemo#cite_ref-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u2191<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Pi%C3%B1ero\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Antonio Pi\u00f1ero<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Todos los evangelios<\/em>, EDAF, 2010,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Especial:FuentesDeLibros\/844142196X\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ISBN 844142196X<\/a>&nbsp;p. 387.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Gospel of the Saviour&#8217;s Infancy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The History of Joseph the Carpenter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Acts of Paul (Including Paul and Thecla)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Seven Epistles of Ignatius<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following are mentioned in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hebrew_Bible\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hebrew Bible<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Jasher_(biblical_references)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Jasher<\/a>&nbsp;is mentioned in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Joshua%2010:13&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Joshua 10:13<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Samuel%201:18&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Samuel 1:18<\/a>&nbsp;and also referenced in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Timothy%203:8&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Timothy 3:8<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-oble_lase-1\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;From the context in the Book of Samuel, it is implied that it was a collection of poetry.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sefer_haYashar\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Several books<\/a>&nbsp;have claimed to be this lost text, some of which are discounted as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudepigrapha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">pseudepigrapha<\/a>. Certain members of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints<\/a>&nbsp;secured the copyright to a particular English translation of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sefer_haYashar_(midrash)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">one of these<\/a>&nbsp;and republished it in 1887 in Salt Lake City.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-2\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_the_Wars_of_the_Lord\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of the Wars of the Lord<\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-3\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;is mentioned in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Numbers%2021:14&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Numbers 21:14<\/a>. It is speculatively associated with one of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dead_Sea_Scrolls\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Dead Sea Scrolls<\/a>, the&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_the_Sons_of_Light_Against_the_Sons_of_Darkness\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness<\/a><\/em>.<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>&nbsp;The Book of the Wars of the Lord is also cited in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sefer_haYashar_(midrash)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Jasher<\/a>&nbsp;(trans.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moses_Samuel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Moses Samuel<\/a>&nbsp;c. 1840, ed. J. H. Parry 1887) Chapter 90:48 as being a collaborative record written by Moses, Joshua and the children of Israel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Israel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Chronicles of the Kings of Israel<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Judah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Chronicles of the Kings of Judah<\/a>&nbsp;are mentioned in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Books_of_Kings\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Books of Kings<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Kings%2014:19&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Kings 14:19,29<\/a>). They are said to tell of events during the reigns of Kings&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeroboam\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jeroboam<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Israel<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rehoboam\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Rehoboam<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Judah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Judah<\/a>, respectively. The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel is again mentioned in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Kings%2016:20&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Kings 16:20<\/a>&nbsp;regarding King&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimri_(king)\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Zimri<\/a>, and many other times throughout 1 and 2 Kings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Shemaiah_the_Prophet\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Shemaiah the Prophet<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_the_Prophet_Iddo\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Story of the Prophet Iddo<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(also called&nbsp;<em>Visions of Iddo the Seer<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>The Annals of the Prophet Iddo<\/em>) are mentioned in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Books_of_Chronicles\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2nd Book of Chronicles<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%209:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 9:29<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2012:15&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 12:15<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2013:22&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 13:22<\/a>). This book has been completely lost to history, save for its title.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Manner of the Kingdom.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-4\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Samuel%2010:25&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Samuel 10:25<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acts_of_Solomon\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acts of Solomon<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-5\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Kings%2011:41&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Kings 11:41<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annals_of_King_David\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Annals of King David<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-6\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2027:24&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Chronicles 27:24<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Samuel_the_Seer\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Samuel the Seer<\/a>. Also called&nbsp;<em>Samuel the Seer<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>The Acts of Samuel the Seer<\/em>, which could be the same as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Books_of_Samuel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 &amp; 2 Samuel<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-apologeticspress.org-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2029:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Chronicles 29:29<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Nathan_the_Prophet\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Nathan the Prophet<\/a>. Also called&nbsp;<em>Nathan the Prophet<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>The Acts of Nathan the Prophet<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nathan_the_Prophet\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">History of Nathan the Prophet<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-apologeticspress.org-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2029:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Chronicles 29:29<\/a>, and also&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%209:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 9:29<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Gad_the_Seer\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Gad the Seer<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-8\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Chronicles%2029:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Chronicles 29:29<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prophecy_of_Ahijah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Prophecy of Ahijah<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-9\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;might be a reference to 1 Kings 14:2\u201318.<br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%209:29&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 9:29<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_the_Kings_of_Judah_and_Israel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-10\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2016:11&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 16:11<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2027:7&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 27:7<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2032:32&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 32:32<\/a><\/em>. Might be the same as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Books_of_Kings\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 &amp; 2 Kings<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Jehu\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Jehu<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-11\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;could be a reference to 1 Kings 16:1\u20137.<br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2020:34&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 20:34<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Story_of_the_Book_of_Kings\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Story of the Book of Kings<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-12\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2024:27&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 24:27<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acts_of_Uziah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acts of Uziah<\/a>. Also called&nbsp;<em>The Book by the prophet Isaiah<\/em>. Perhaps the same as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Isaiah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Isaiah<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-apologeticspress.org-7\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2026:22&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 26:22<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vision_of_Isaiah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Vision of Isaiah<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-13\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2032:32&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 32:32<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acts_of_the_Kings_of_Israel\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acts of the Kings of Israel<\/a>. Also called&nbsp;<em>The Acts and Prayers of Manasseh<\/em>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-14\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;May be identical to&nbsp;<em>The Book of the Kings of Israel<\/em>, above.<br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2033:18&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 33:18<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sayings_of_the_Seers\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Sayings of the Seers<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-15\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2033:19&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 33:19<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laments_for_Josiah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Laments for Josiah<\/a>. Also called&nbsp;<em>Lamentations<\/em>. This event is recorded in the existing&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Lamentations\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Lamentations<\/a><\/em>.<br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2035:25&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Chronicles 35:25<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Chronicles of King&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahasuerus\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ahasuerus<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-16\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><br><em>Referenced at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Esther%202:23&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Esther 2:23<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Esther%206:1&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Esther 6:1<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Esther%2010:2&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Esther 10:2<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Nehemiah%2012:23&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nehemiah 12:23<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mennonite scholar David Ewart has mentioned that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novum_Testamentum_Graece\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nestle&#8217;s Greek New Testament<\/a>&nbsp;lists some 132 New Testament passages that appear to be verbal allusions to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apocrypha\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">paracanonical<\/a>&nbsp;books.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-19\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pagan authors quoted or alluded to:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-ref1-20\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-21\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menander\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Menander<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Thais<\/em>&nbsp;218 (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:33&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Corinthians 15:33<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epimenides\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Epimenides<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>de Oraculis,<\/em>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Titus%201%E2%80%9312&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Titus 1\u201312:13<\/a>, where&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_the_Apostle\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Paul<\/a>&nbsp;introduces Epimenides as &#8220;a prophet of the Cretans,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epimenides_paradox\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Epimenides paradox<\/a><\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aratus\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Aratus<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Phaenomena<\/em>&nbsp;5, (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Acts%2017:28&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acts 17:28<\/a>, where Paul refers to the words of &#8220;some of your own poets&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Non-canonical books quoted or alluded to:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-ref1-20\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Enoch\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Book of Enoch<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Jude%201:4&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jude 1:4<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Jude%201:6&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1:6<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Jude%201:13&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1:13<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Jude%201:14%E2%80%9315&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1:14\u201315<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Peter%202:4&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Peter 2:4<\/a>;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Peter%203:13&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">3:13<\/a>,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-22\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-23\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=John%207:38&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">John 7:38<\/a>&nbsp;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-24\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apocryphon_of_Jannes_and_Jambres\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Apocryphon of Jannes and Jambres<\/a><\/em>, according to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Origen\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Origen<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Timothy%203:8&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Timothy 3:8<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;&#8230; as Jannes and Jambres withstood&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moses\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Moses<\/a>&#8220;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Epistle to the Laodiceans<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Colossians%204:16&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Colossians 4:16<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;read the epistle from Laodicea&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Life of Adam and Eve<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Corinthians%2011:14&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Corinthians 11:14<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;Satan as an angel of light&#8221;,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Corinthians%2012:2&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">12:2<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;Third Heaven&#8221;)<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-25\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A lost section of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assumption_of_Moses\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Assumption of Moses<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=2%20Timothy%203:8&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2 Timothy 3:8<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epistle_of_Jude\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Jude<\/a>&nbsp;9 &#8220;Michael.. body of Moses&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ascension_of_Isaiah\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ascension of Isaiah<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Hebrews%2011:37&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hebrews 11:37<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;they were sawn in two&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paul&#8217;s letter to the Corinthians before&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Corinthians<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Corinthians%205:9&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Corinthians 5:9<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;I wrote to you in my letter&#8230;&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paul\u2019s letter to the Ephesians before Ephesians (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Ephesians%203:3&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ephesians 3:3<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cAs I wrote afore in few words&#8230;\u201d)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An unknown messianic prophecy possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_2:23\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Matthew 2:23<\/a>&nbsp;that states &#8220;&#8230;he will be called a Nazorian.&#8221; (&#8220;\u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u039d\u03b1\u03b6\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9&#8221;). &#8220;Nazorian&#8221; is typically rendered as &#8220;Nazarene&#8221; (&#8220;from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazareth\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nazareth<\/a>&#8220;), as in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Acts%2024:5&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Acts 24:5<\/a>, where Christians are referred to as &#8220;the sect of the Nazorians\/Nazarenes&#8221; (&#8220;\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u039d\u03b1\u03b6\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2&#8221;). This is speculated<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">by whom?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>&nbsp;to be a vague allusion to a quote about Samson in Judges 13:5 that uses a similar-sounding word: &#8220;the child shall be a Nazirite&#8221; (\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03c1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An unknown version of Genesis (possibly a targum, midrash or other commentary), quoted by Paul in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:45&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Corinthians 15:45<\/a>, as a reference to Christ&#8217;s being &#8220;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_Adam\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Last Adam<\/a>&nbsp;who became a life-giving spirit&#8221; (\u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f18\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b4\u1f70\u03bc \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u03b6\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f41 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b4\u1f70\u03bc \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b6\u1ff3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd.). It has been speculated<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">by whom?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>&nbsp;that Paul is simply paraphrasing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Genesis%202:7&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Genesis 2:7<\/a>, but there is no clear indication that this is not a complete quote.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An unknown text quoted by Paul in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=1%20Corinthians%202:9&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">1 Corinthians 2:9<\/a>, suggested by Origen to be a lost apocryphal book:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-26\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;But as it is written, &#8216;No eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no mind has imagined the things that God has prepared for those who love him.&#8221; This may also be an allusion to the similar&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Isaiah%2064:4&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Isaiah 64:4<\/a>, &#8220;For from days of old they have not heard or perceived by ear, nor has the eye seen a God besides You, Who acts in behalf of the one who waits for Him.'&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-27\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An unknown messianic prophecy, possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Luke%2024:46&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Luke 24:46<\/a>, speculated to be a vague allusion to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Hosea%206:2&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Hosea 6:2<\/a>:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible#cite_note-28\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An unknown messianic prophecy, possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.oremus.org\/?passage=Mark%209:12&amp;version=nrsv\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Mark 9:12<\/a>, speculated<sup>[<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">by whom?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>&nbsp;to be a vague allusion to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaiah_53\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Isaiah 53<\/a>: &#8220;and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NOT EVERYTHING QUOTED IS SCRIPTURE, NIETHER EVERYTHING QUOTED AS SCRIPTURE IS SCRIPTURE. IT DEPENDS ON AUTHOR AND WHAT HE MEANT <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/-\/es\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&amp;field-author=Bronson+C.+Keeler&amp;text=Bronson+C.+Keeler&amp;sort=relevancerank&amp;search-alias=books\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Bronson C. Keeler<\/a> The Early Church Fathers Quoted As Scripture Books Which Are Now Called Apocryphal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">READ <a href=\"https:\/\/1c15.co.uk\/early-canonical-lists-quotations\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">https:\/\/1c15.co.uk\/early-canonical-lists-quotations\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">READ <a href=\"https:\/\/effectualgrace.com\/2017\/12\/21\/the-apostolic-fathers-and-their-quotations-of-the-deutero-canonical-books\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">https:\/\/effectualgrace.com\/2017\/12\/21\/the-apostolic-fathers-and-their-quotations-of-the-deutero-canonical-books\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La pureza sexual no es el camino de menos placer (c\u00f3mo com\u00fanmente se asume), es el camino de la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la gratificaci\u00f3n aplazada? 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