{"id":997,"date":"2021-01-16T12:09:05","date_gmt":"2021-01-16T17:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/?p=997"},"modified":"2021-04-11T11:48:06","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T16:48:06","slug":"codices-and-manuscripts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/2021\/01\/16\/codices-and-manuscripts\/","title":{"rendered":"Codices and manuscripts"},"content":{"rendered":"\nCodex sinaiticus\n\n\n\nTo answer your first question, we should not simply accept Sinaiticus as “the source of the truth for the New Testament”. It has great weight in debates from its age, but age is not the final arbiter in textual considerations.\n\n\n\nCodex Sinaiticus was made in the 4th century on parchment using capital letters (a manuscript in all capitals is called an “uncial”). It was discovered in the 19th century, surpassing Vaticanus as the most complete manuscript. Codex Sinaiticus is considered by most textual scholars of the New Testament to be the best complete manuscript. It and Vaticanus are hypothesized to be part of Emperor Constantine’s project, though this has never been conclusively proven either way.\n\n\n\nIt should be understood that “complete manuscript” when used by a textual critic does not necessarily mean 100% of it has survived. “Complete” is a technical term meaning that the manuscript has the beginning and end of the book in question. For example, a “complete copy of John” would be required to have John 1:1 and John 21:25 and substantial portions of those verses between.\n\n\n\nOriginally, Sinaiticus had the entire, Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint) as well as the complete New Testament. Only half of the Old Testament has survived, but the New Testament is complete in that all books are represented while only a few passages and verses are missing due to pages missing, holes in the pages, or scribal exclusions.\n\n\n\nWhile it is significant that Sinaiticus is the o[...x]<\/span>
ldest complete manuscript, it is not the oldest manuscript. There are pieces of different books that are much older. P52 (a piece of John’s Gospel) has been dated to the first half of the second century based on the style of hand writing (though some argue for a date into the second half of the first century). There are also copies of entire books that are older than Sinaiticus. For example, P46 contains all of Hebrews, Ephesians, Philippians, Galatians, and Colossians, and virtually all of 1 and 2 Corinthians. It is dated between AD 175 and 225. Likeiwse, P66 (from roughly the same time period) contains most of John, but the ending is missing so it is not considered complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the Gospels, Sinaiticus is generally considered among scholars as the second most reliable witness of the text (after Vaticanus); in the Acts of the Apostles, its text is equal to that of Vaticanus; in the Epistles, Sinaiticus is the most reliable witness of the text. In the Book of Revelation, however, its text is corrupted and is considered of poor quality, and inferior to the texts of Codex Alexandrinus, Papyrus 47, and even some minuscule manuscripts in this place (for example, Minuscule 2053, 2062).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, even in the epistles, where it is considered the most reliable, it is not merely accepted. Textual critics and scholars will compare many manuscripts to determine the most probable original text. By studying the copies and copying styles, they have put together a list of errors that scribes were likely to make and they can compare manuscripts to see which wording is more likely to be original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may enjoy this article on textual criticism in action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SPURIOUS PHRASES AND PASSAGES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Having an irregular origin, not properly constituted. 1590s, “born out of wedlock,” from Latin\u00a0spurius<\/em>\u00a0“illegitimate, false” (source also of Italian\u00a0spurio<\/em>, Spanish\u00a0espurio<\/em>), from\u00a0spurius<\/em>\u00a0(n.) “illegitimate child,” probably from Etruscan\u00a0spural<\/em>\u00a0“public.” Sense of “unauthorized, unwarranted” is from 1640s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spurious <\/strong>\u203a \u03bd\u03cc\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9
El ileg\u00edtimo
Atribuido err\u00f3neamente a un escritor, siendo falsificado o con el prop\u00f3sito de enga\u00f1ar
Vago , confuso , enga\u00f1oso
Sin\u00f3nimos<\/strong>
Bastardo
Falso
Contrapeso:<\/strong> para cualquier cosa que externamente presente una imagen falsa y enga\u00f1osa cuando en realidad carece de valor
A moneda, especialmente metal cuyo producto sea falsificado , no genuino , falsoencontraron una <\/em>moneda de<\/em><\/strong> 2 euros <\/em>falsificada<\/em><\/strong>
(\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/em>) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd <\/em>\u03ba\u03af\u03b2\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf<\/em><\/strong> \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

apocrypha (n.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

late 14c., Apocrifa, in reference to the apocryphal books of the Bible, from Late Latin apocrypha (scripta), from neuter plural of apocryphus “secret, not approved for public reading,” from Greek apokryphos “hidden; obscure, hard to understand,” thus “(books) of unknown authorship” (especially those included in the Septuagint and Vulgate but not originally written in Hebrew and not counted as genuine by the Jews), from apo “off, away” (see apo-) + kryptein “to hide” (see crypt).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

apo-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

before vowels ap-, word-forming element meaning “of, from, away from; separate, apart from, free from,” from Greek apo “from, away from; after; in descent from,” in compounds, “asunder, off; finishing, completing; back again,” of time, “after,” of origin, “sprung from, descended from; because of,” from PIE root *apo- “off, away” (source also of Sanskrit apa “away from,” Avestan apa “away from,” Latin ab “away from, from,” Gothic af, Old English of “away from,” Modern English of, off).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

crypt (n.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

early 15c., cripte, “grotto, cavern,” from Latin crypta “vault, cavern,” from Greek krypte “a vault, crypt” (short for krypte kamara “hidden vault”), fem. of kryptos “hidden,” verbal adjective from kryptein “to hide,” which is of uncertain origin. Comparison has been made to Old Church Slavonic kryjo, kryti “to hide,” Lithuanian kr\u00e1uti “to pile up.” Beekes writes that krypto “is formally and semantically reminiscent of [kalypto]; the verbs may have influenced each other.” For this, see calypto-. But he adds, “However, since there is no good IE etymology, the word could be Pre-Greek.” Meaning “underground burial vault or chapel in a church” is attested by 1789.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on the Sinaitic Manuscript unless otherwise noted.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Citation<\/th>Spurious portion<\/th><\/tr>
Matt. 5:22<\/td>without a cause<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 6:13<\/td>For thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 6:25<\/td>or what ye shall drink*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 16:2<\/td>When it is evening, ye say, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red.<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 16:3<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 17:21<\/td>and fasting<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 18:12<\/td>into the mountains<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 20:7<\/td>and whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 22:13<\/td>and take him away<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 23:35<\/td>son of Barachias*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 24:10<\/td>and shall hate one another*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 24:31<\/td>sound of a*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 24:41<\/td>women shall be<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 25:6<\/td>cometh<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 27:52<\/td>and the graves were opened*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 27:53<\/td>and went*<\/td><\/tr>
Matt. 28:19<\/td>therefore<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 4:37<\/td>so that it was now full*<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 6:51<\/td>beyond measure and wondered<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 7:8<\/td>For […] as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things as ye do<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 7:14<\/td>unto me every one of you<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:24<\/td>with tears<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:29<\/td>and fasting<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:44<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:45<\/td>into the fire that shall never be quenched<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:46<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:47<\/td>fire<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 9:49<\/td>and every sacrifice shall be salted with salt<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 10:24<\/td>for them that trust in riches<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 10:30<\/td>houses and brethren and sisters and mothers and children and lands with persecutions*<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 14:30<\/td>twice*<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 14:68<\/td>and the cock crew<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 14:72<\/td>the second time* […] twice*<\/td><\/tr>
Mark 16:9-20<\/td>All these verses<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 2:40<\/td>in spirit<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 8:45<\/td>and sayest thou, Who touched me?<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 16:16<\/td>and every man presseth into it<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 17:12<\/td>which stood afar off*<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 17:35<\/td>women<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 18:11<\/td>with himself*<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 22:43<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 22:44<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 22:68<\/td>me, nor let me go<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 23:5<\/td>teaching*<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 23:34<\/td>Then said Jesus, Father forgive them; for they know not what they do<\/td><\/tr>
Luke 24:42<\/td>and of an honeycomb<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
John 1:25<\/td>asked him, and*<\/td><\/tr>
John 3:13<\/td>which is in heaven<\/td><\/tr>
John 4:9<\/td>for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans<\/td><\/tr>
John 5:3<\/td>waiting for the moving of the water<\/td><\/tr>
John 5:4<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
John 5:25<\/td>and now is*<\/td><\/tr>
John 8:1-11<\/td>all these verses<\/td><\/tr>
John 8:59<\/td>going through the midst of them and so passed by<\/td><\/tr>
John 16:16<\/td>because I go to the Father<\/td><\/tr>
John 19:23<\/td>and also his coat*<\/td><\/tr>
John 21:25<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 6:3<\/td>Holy Ghost and (should read “spirit of”)<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 6:8<\/td>faith (should read “grace”)<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 8:37<\/td>This entire verse<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 9:31<\/td>churches (should read “church”) […] were (should read “was”)<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 15:32<\/td>and confirmed them*<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 18:5<\/td>pressed in the spirit (should read “earnestly occupied with the Word”)<\/td><\/tr>
Acts 18:21<\/td>I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: but<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 3:22<\/td>and upon all<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 6:12<\/td>it in<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 7:6<\/td>that being dead (should read “being dead to that”)<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 8:26<\/td>for us<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 11:6<\/td>But if it be of works, then it is no more grace; otherwise work is no more work<\/td><\/tr>
Rom. 14:6<\/td>and he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
1 Cor. 2:1<\/td>testimony (should read “mystery”)<\/td><\/tr>
1 Cor. 6:20<\/td>and in your spirit, which are God’s<\/td><\/tr>
1 Cor. 7:5<\/td>fasting and<\/td><\/tr>
1 Cor. 10:28<\/td>for the earth is the Lord’s and the fulness thereof<\/td><\/tr>
1 Cor. 15:24<\/td>cometh<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
2 Cor. 4:14<\/td>by (should read “with”)<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Gal. 3:1<\/td>that ye should not obey the truth<\/td><\/tr>
Gal. 3:17<\/td>in Christ<\/td><\/tr>
Gal. 5:19<\/td>adultery<\/td><\/tr>
Gal. 5:21<\/td>murders<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Eph. 5:9<\/td>Spirit (should read “light”)<\/td><\/tr>
Eph. 5:30<\/td>of his flesh, and of his bones<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
2 Thess. 2:9<\/td>Even him<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
1 Tim. 3:16<\/td>God (should read “who”)*<\/td><\/tr>
1 Tim. 4:12<\/td>in spirit*<\/td><\/tr>
1 Tim. 6:5<\/td>from such withdraw thyself*<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
2 Tim. 3:3<\/td>without natural affection*<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Heb. 12:18<\/td>mount that might be touched and that burned with fire (should read “fire that might be touched and burned”)*<\/td><\/tr>
Heb. 12:20<\/td>or thrust through with a dart*<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
James 5:16<\/td>Confess your faults (should read “Therefore confess your sins”)*<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
1 Pet. 2:5<\/td>spiritual (before the word “sacrifices”)<\/td><\/tr>
1 Pet. 3:8<\/td>courteous (should read “humble”)<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
2 Pet. 1:1<\/td>God and our (should read “our Lord and”)*<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
1 John 3:16<\/td>of God<\/td><\/tr>
1 John 5:7<\/td>in heaven, the Father, the Word and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one<\/td><\/tr>
1 John 5:8<\/td>And there are three that bear witness in earth<\/td><\/tr>
1 John 5:13<\/td>and that ye may believe on the name of the Son of God<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 1:17<\/td>unto me, Fear not*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 2:22<\/td>their (should read “her”)*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 5:3<\/td>neither under the earth*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 5:9<\/td>us (omitted by the Alexandrian Ms., one of the three oldest Mss. known)<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 5:10<\/td>us (should read “them”) […] we (should read “they”)<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 5:13<\/td>and under the earth*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 6:2<\/td>to conquer (should read “he conquered”)*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 9:4<\/td>neither any green thing*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 9:13<\/td>the four horns of*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 10:6<\/td>and the sea, and the things which are therein*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 11:17<\/td>and art to come*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 12:12<\/td>inhabiters of* […] of (before the words “the sea”)<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 14:5<\/td>before the throne of God*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 14:12<\/td>here are they*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 16:5<\/td>and shalt be (should read “the holy”)*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 16:7<\/td>another out of*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 16:11<\/td>and their sores* […] of their deeds*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 16:17<\/td>from the throne*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 18:22<\/td>of whatsoever craft he be* […] and the stone of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 20:5<\/td>But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 21:24<\/td>of them which are saved* […] and honor*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 21:26<\/td>and honor*<\/td><\/tr>
Rev. 22:3<\/td>more*<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

* Omitted by the Sinaitic Manuscript. Those not thus marked are omitted by both the Sinaitic and Vatican Manuscripts. The Epistles to Timothy, the latter part of Hebrews, and all of Revelation, are missing from the Vatican Manuscript, No. 1209, having been lost during the fifteen or more centuries since it was written. The Sinaitic Manuscript is perfect and complete and is the oldest known copy of the Scriptures, having been written (it is believed) in the year 331 A.D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About Lord’s prayer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Didache<\/strong><\/em>, also known as The Lord’s Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations<\/strong>, is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise written in Koine Greek, dated by modern scholars to the first century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many English and American scholars once dated the text to the late 2nd century AD,[3]<\/sup> a view still held today,[13]<\/sup> but most scholars now assign the Didache to the first century.[14]<\/sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Didache<\/em>, generally considered a first-century text, has a doxology, “for yours is the power and the glory forever”, as a conclusion for the Lord’s Prayer (Didache<\/em>, 8:2).[73]<\/sup>[86]<\/sup>[87]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Codex Claromontanus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Codex sinaiticus To answer your first question, we should not simply accept Sinaiticus as “the source of the truth for the New Testament”. It has great weight in debates from its age, but age is not the final arbiter in textual considerations. Codex Sinaiticus was made in the 4th century on parchment using capital letters … Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\n Sharing is caring<\/span><\/strong> \n <\/i> Share<\/span><\/a>\n <\/i> +1<\/span><\/a>\n <\/i> Tweet<\/span><\/a>\n <\/i> Share<\/span><\/a>\n <\/i> Share<\/span><\/a>\n 1907 words 134 views<\/w>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sin-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=997"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1210,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997\/revisions\/1210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abudinen.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}