Codices and manuscripts

For the Gospels, Sinaiticus is generally considered among scholars as the second most reliable witness of the text (after Vaticanus); in the Acts of the Apostles, its text is equal to that of Vaticanus; in the Epistles, Sinaiticus is the most reliable witness of the text. In the Book of Revelation, however, its text is corrupted and is considered of poor quality, and inferior to the texts of Codex Alexandrinus, Papyrus 47, and even some minuscule manuscripts in this place (for example, Minuscule 2053, 2062).

However, even in the epistles, where it is considered the most reliable, it is not merely accepted. Textual critics and scholars will compare many manuscripts to determine the most probable original text. By studying the copies and copying styles, they have put together a list of errors that scribes were likely to make and they can compare manuscripts to see which wording is more likely to be original.

You may enjoy this article on textual criticism in action.

SPURIOUS PHRASES AND PASSAGES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Having an irregular origin, not properly constituted. 1590s, “born out of wedlock,” from Latin spurius “illegitimate, false” (source also of Italian spurio, Spanish espurio), from spurius (n.) “illegitimate child,” probably from Etruscan spural “public.” Sense of “unauthorized, unwarranted” is from 1640s.

Spurious › νόθοι
El ilegítimo
Atribuido erróneamente a un escritor, siendo falsificado o con el propósito de engañar
Vago , confuso , engañoso
Sinónimos
Bastardo
Falso
Contrapeso: para cualquier cosa que externamente presente una imagen falsa y engañosa cuando en realidad carece de valor
A moneda, especialmente metal cuyo producto sea falsificado , no genuino , falsoencontraron una moneda de 2 euros falsificada
(νομίσματα) για νόμισμα, ιδιαίτερα μεταλλικό που είναι προϊόν παραχάραξης, μη γνήσιος, πλαστόςεντόπισαν κίβδηλο κέρμα των 2 ευρώ

apocrypha (n.)

late 14c., Apocrifa, in reference to the apocryphal books of the Bible, from Late Latin apocrypha (scripta), from neuter plural of apocryphus “secret, not approved for public reading,” from Greek apokryphos “hidden; obscure, hard to understand,” thus “(books) of unknown authorship” (especially those included in the Septuagint and Vulgate but not originally written in Hebrew and not counted as genuine by the Jews), from apo “off, away” (see apo-) + kryptein “to hide” (see crypt).

apo-

before vowels ap-, word-forming element meaning “of, from, away from; separate, apart from, free from,” from Greek apo “from, away from; after; in descent from,” in compounds, “asunder, off; finishing, completing; back again,” of time, “after,” of origin, “sprung from, descended from; because of,” from PIE root *apo- “off, away” (source also of Sanskrit apa “away from,” Avestan apa “away from,” Latin ab “away from, from,” Gothic af, Old English of “away from,” Modern English of, off).

crypt (n.)

early 15c., cripte, “grotto, cavern,” from Latin crypta “vault, cavern,” from Greek krypte “a vault, crypt” (short for krypte kamara “hidden vault”), fem. of kryptos “hidden,” verbal adjective from kryptein “to hide,” which is of uncertain origin. Comparison has been made to Old Church Slavonic kryjo, kryti “to hide,” Lithuanian kráuti “to pile up.” Beekes writes that krypto “is formally and semantically reminiscent of [kalypto]; the verbs may have influenced each other.” For this, see calypto-. But he adds, “However, since there is no good IE etymology, the word could be Pre-Greek.” Meaning “underground burial vault or chapel in a church” is attested by 1789.

Based on the Sinaitic Manuscript unless otherwise noted.

* Omitted by the Sinaitic Manuscript. Those not thus marked are omitted by both the Sinaitic and Vatican Manuscripts. The Epistles to Timothy, the latter part of Hebrews, and all of Revelation, are missing from the Vatican Manuscript, No. 1209, having been lost during the fifteen or more centuries since it was written. The Sinaitic Manuscript is perfect and complete and is the oldest known copy of the Scriptures, having been written (it is believed) in the year 331 A.D.

About Lord’s prayer

The Didache, also known as The Lord’s Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations, is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise written in Koine Greek, dated by modern scholars to the first century.

Many English and American scholars once dated the text to the late 2nd century AD,^[3] a view still held today,^[13] but most scholars now assign the Didache to the first century.^[14][15]

The Didache, generally considered a first-century text, has a doxology, “for yours is the power and the glory forever”, as a conclusion for the Lord’s Prayer (Didache, 8:2).^[73][86][87]

Codex Claromontanus

References