Controversies

Supposedly Henri then tried to confiscate the cloth but the dean hid it until, in d’Arcis’ time, a new dean, also “with fraudulent intent and for the purpose of gain,” initiated a new round of expositions, with the assistance of Geoffrey II. D’Arcis was particularly piqued as Geoffrey II had circumvented the bishop’s authority by recently securing permission from a cardinal, the Pope’s representative. D’Arcis complained that this permission was granted because Geoffrey II proclaimed that the Shroud was only a “picture or figure” of Christ’s actual burial cloth, but “it is given out in private and noised abroad” that it was the true Shroud (Wilson 1979: 268). D’Arcis requested assistance from the French king, but civil authorities (who were probably sympathetic to Geoffrey) apparently made only a half-hearted attempt to find the cloth (Wilson 2010: 231). The Memorandum of Piere d’Arcis appears to make a strong case against the Shroud’s authenticity and has formed the cornerstone for skeptical historical judgement, especially during the 20th century. However, there are fatal problems with its claims.

Some researchers have concluded that Bishop d’Arcis misunderstood the Shroud’s nature and origins and drew erroneous conclusions based on garbled rumors. First, d’Arcis’ complaints about the evil intents of Lirey’s deans seem misdirected, as it is clear that the de Charny family, who enjoyed a well deserved good public reputation, was always in charge of and behind the Shroud’s expositions. More importantly, where did the bishop obtain his information about Henri de Poitiers and the painter who supposedly produced the relic? It was not from any known documentation; d’Arcis was a competent lawyer before his clerical appointment and surely would have referenced any files from 30 years earlier (Wilson 2010: 228-29). If Bishop Henri de Poitiers had discovered a fraud and opposed the relic’s showings during the 1350’s, he left no known record for d’Arcis to cite. Instead, after reviewing de Charny’s papers related to the new Lirey church’s activities, Henri’s sole surviving document, dated May 28, 1356, praises de Charny’s devotion adding

And ourselves wishing to develop as much as possible a cult of this nature, we praise, ratify, and approve the said letters in all their parts … we give our assent, our authority, and our decision … (Bonnet-Eymard 1991: 18).

If anyone at this time was charging fraud, it was unlikely to be in the next year either, as in June of 1357 twelve bishops granted indulgences to pilgrims visiting the church. Pope Clement was confronted with conflicting correspondence from both Geoffrey II and Bishop d’Arcis and finally decided early in the next year on somewhat of a compromise: de Charny could exhibit the Shroud without elaborate ceremonials and declaring it not Christ’s true shroud but “a copy and representation” of it (Geoffrey’s “official” position, anyway), and Bishop d’Arcis could not interfere with those expositions or face excommunication (Fossati 1983: 25).

Turin Shroud ‘is not a medieval forgery’
The Turin Shroud is not a medieval forgery, as has long been claimed, but could in fact date from the time of Christ’s death, a new book claims. By Nick Squires 28 March 2013 • 10:24am Many Catholics believe that the 14ft-long linen cloth was used to cover Christ’s body when he was lifted down from the cross after being crucified Credit: Photo: EPA Experiments conducted by scientists at the University of Padua in northern Italy have dated the shroud to ancient times, a few centuries before and after the life of Christ. The analysis is published in a new book, “Il Mistero della Sindone” or The Mystery of the Shroud, by Giulio Fanti, a professor of mechanical and thermal measurement at Padua University, and Saverio Gaeta, a journalist.
Scientists, including Prof Fanti, used infra-red light and spectroscopy – the measurement of radiation intensity through wavelengths – to analyse fibres from the shroud, which is kept in a special climate-controlled case in Turin.
The tests dated the age of the shroud to between 300 BC and 400AD.
The experiments were carried out on fibres taken from the Shroud during a previous study, in 1988, when they were subjected to carbon-14 dating.
Mr Fanti, a Catholic, said his results were the fruit of 15 years of research.
He said the carbon-14 dating tests carried out in 1988 were “false” because of laboratory contamination.
Each year it lures hundreds of thousands of faithful to Turin Cathedral, where it is kept in a specially designed, climate-controlled case.
Mr Fanti said the imprint was caused by a blast of “exceptional radiation”, although he stopped short of describing it as a miracle.
He said his tests backed up earlier results which claimed to have found on the shroud traces of dust and pollen which could only have come from the Holy Land.
Mr Gaeta is also a committed Catholic – he worked for L’Osservatore Romano, the Vatican newspaper, and now works for Famiglia Cristiana, a Catholic weekly.
The Vatican has never said whether it believes the shroud to be authentic or not, although Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI once said that the enigmatic image imprinted on the cloth “reminds us always” of Christ’s suffering.
The app, sanctioned by the Catholic Church and called “Shroud 2.0”, features high definition photographs of the cloth and enables users to see details that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye.

Infrared spectroscopy can detect trace gases and potentially provide an alternative carbon dating technique. A new optics-based method for detecting trace gases could offer a potential alternative way to date archeological artifacts. … But once an organism dies, it no longer exchanges carbon with the environment.30 dic 2011https://physics.aps.org › articles Carbon Dating with Lasers – PHYSICS – APS.org

Thermochimica Acta 425 (2005) 189–194
Studies on the radiocarbon sample from the shroud of turin Raymond N. Rogers
Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, 1961 Cumbres Patio, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
Received 14 April 2004; received in revised form 14 April 2004; accepted 12 September 2004

The naturally occurring radioactivity of ‘scalar energy’ pendants and concomitant radiation risk PLoS One. 2021; 16(6): e0250528.Published online 2021 Jun 1. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250528

Graphene Hydrogel Could Help mRNA Vaccine Target Cancer More Effectively February 17, 2021 A specialized graphene oxide hydrogel can help stabilize therapeutic mRNA cancer vaccines and release them slowly into the target tissue, show early results from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology in Beijing.

Signal amplification of graphene oxide combining with restriction endonuclease for site-specific determination of DNA methylation and assay of methyltransferase activity Wen Li et al. Anal Chem. 2012.

READ REVIEW SCAM SECULAR FICTION QUARANTINE ? ! ISLAM CATHOLIC

Covid: Germany fears thousands got saline, not vaccine from nurse 12 August 2021 Authorities in north Germany have asked more than 8,000 people to get repeat Covid vaccinations because a nurse is suspected of having injected saline instead of vaccine in many cases.

Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk Breast cancer risk can be affected by a number of things that alter these hormone levels. For example, women who have more menstrual periods over their lifetime (because their periods start earlier, they go through menopause later, or they never get pregnant) have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer. The use of some types of hormones (for birth control or to control the symptoms of menopause) can also increase breast cancer risk slightly (although this risk goes down over time after hormone use is stopped). On the other hand, breastfeeding might lower breast cancer risk slightly.

What do the studies show? The results of studies looking at the possible link between breast cancer and induced abortion often differ depending on how the study was done. Cohort studies and studies that used records to determine the history of abortions have not found an increased risk. Some case-control studies, however, have found an increase in risk.

Retrospective case-control studies In 2004, the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, based out of Oxford University in England, put together the results of many studies that looked at abortion and breast cancer risk. It looked at both cohort and case-control studies. When the studies that gathered information retrospectively (case-control studies) were looked at together, there were about 39,000 women with breast cancer (the cases) that were compared to about 48,000 women who hadn’t had breast cancer (the controls). They found about an 11% increased risk of breast cancer in women who reported having an induced abortion.

Some other retrospective studies published since then have also found an increased risk, including a case-control study of about 1,300 women from China (published in 2012) and a case-control study of 300 women in Iran (published in 2011).

Why don’t all of the studies agree? Induced abortion brings up many strong feelings in people, so it is often hard to study its long-term effects.

Before 1973, induced abortions were illegal in much of the United States. So when researchers asked a woman about past pregnancies, she may not have felt comfortable saying that she had an abortion. Even though abortion is now legal, it is still a very personal, private matter that many women do not like to talk about. This means that many women might not report having an abortion if asked for a study. In contrast, women with breast cancer are more likely to accurately report their reproductive histories, including a history of having an abortion. This recall bias (which was discussed earlier) could lead to retrospective studies finding links that aren’t found in prospective studies. Still, not everyone agrees that this is the reason that the different types of studies conflict.

In 2004, the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, based out of Oxford University in England, put together the results from 53 separate studies done in 16 different countries. These studies included about 83,000 women with breast cancer (44,000 in prospective studies and 39,000 in retrospective studies). Although the results of the retrospective studies showed a small increase in risk, the prospective studies found a small decrease in risk. 

Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk

Medically reviewed by Christina Chun, MPH — Written by Stephanie Watson on May 18, 2017

Some studies have found a link between abortion and breast cancer:

• A 2014 Chinese meta-analysis published in Cancer Causes & ControlTrusted Sourcelooked at 36 studies and found that induced abortion was associated with breast cancer risk.
• A 2012 Chinese study of 1,300 women also found a link between abortion and breast cancer.

What are the potential side effects and complications of abortion? An abortion is a medical procedure, and it can have risks. Some bleeding and cramping is normal afterward.

Signs of more serious side effects include:

• excessive bleeding
• severe pain
• high fever
• smelly discharge from the vagina

Complications from an abortion can include:

• infection in the uterus
• excess bleeding
• damage to the cervix or uterus
• incomplete abortion that requires another procedure
• premature birth in future pregnancies

A meta-analysis of the association between induced abortion and breast cancer risk among Chinese females

Yubei Huang et al. Cancer Causes Control. 2014 Feb.

Objective: To evaluate the association between induced abortion (IA) and breast cancer risk among Chinese females.

Methods: We searched three English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) for studies up to December 2012, supplemented by manual searches. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature searching, study selection, and data extraction and quality assessment of included studies. Random effects models were used to estimate the summary odds ratios (ORs) and the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: A total of 36 articles (two cohort studies and 34 case-control studies) covering 14 provinces in China were included in this review. Compared to people without any history of IA, an increased risk of breast cancer was observed among females who had at least one IA (OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.29-1.59, I (2) = 82.6 %, p < 0.001, n = 34). No significant publication bias was found among the included studies (Egger test, p = 0.176). The risk increased to 1.76 (95 % CI 1.39-2.22) and 1.89 (95 % CI 1.40-2.55) for people who had at least two IAs and at least three IAs, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed similar results to the primary results. Meta-regression analysis of the included studies found that the association between IA and breast cancer risk attenuated with increasing percent of IA in the control group (β = -0.022, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: IA is significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among Chinese females, and the risk of breast cancer increases as the number of IA increases. If IA were to be confirmed as a risk factor for breast cancer, high rates of IA in China may contribute to increasing breast cancer rates.

Abortions and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women in Jiangsu Province of China

Abstract To evaluate the relationship between abortions and risk of breast cancer, we conducted a case-control studywith 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire wasused to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate oddsratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results have revealed that induced abortion was related toincreased risk of breast caner. Premenopausal women who had ≥3 times of induced abortion were at increasedcrude OR (2.41, 95%CI: 1.09-5.42) and adjusted-OR (1.55, 95%CI: 1.15-5.68). Postmenopausal women with aprevious induced abortion were at increased crude OR (2.04, 95%CI: 1.48-2.81) and adjusted-OR (1.82, 95%CI:1.30-2.54), and there was a significant increase trend in OR with number of induced abortions (p for trend:0.0001). Overall, spontaneous abortion did not significantly alter the risk of breast cancer, but postmenopausalwomen who had history of spontaneous abortion were at increased OR. These results suggested that relationshipbetween breast cancer and abortions may depend on menopausal status and induced abortion may played animportant role in the development of breast cancer in Jiangsu’ women of China.

Keywords

• breast cancer 
• abortion 
• Case control study 
• Chinese women

They who call themselves “rational” thinkers say it is irrational not to trust the government, satirizing logic and evidence

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^[2]“About”. RationalMedia Foundation. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019. ^[4]“RationalWiki:Timeline”. RationalWiki. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017. ^[9]“A message from our Chair”. RationalMedia Foundation blog. July 30, 2013. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2017.