En este punto se habla del problema sinóptico para referirse a cuál pudo ser el elemento en común del cual emanaron los evangelios de Mateo, Marcos y Lucas.
Desde la teología, no existe el problema sinóptico porque los tres evangelios provienen de la palabra relevada por Dios, Jesús.
Los evangelios de Mateo, Marcos y Lucas son los denominados evangelios sinópticos pues estos tres, dispuestos en tres columnas paralelas, pueden ser leídos conjuntamente (sinopsis).
El evangelio de Marcos seria el más antiguo.
Es por esto que poseen gran cantidad de versículos comunes, y en los tres se halla el mismo esquema de la vida pública de Jesús: un largo viaje de Galilea a Jerusalén (no siendo éste el orden cronológico de la vida misma de Jesús, sino que responde a un orden objetivo de los autores). A pesar de estas similitudes se encuentran algunas diferencias en el contenido, por ejemplo: en Marcos casi no encontramos discursos, Mateo reúne en seis grandes discursos las sentencias de Jesús, y en Lucas, las encontramos repartidas por todo el evangelio.
En Marcos no aparecen los relatos de la infancia y la genealogía, y en Mateo y Lucas son muy distintos, buscando, cada uno, resaltar distintas cosas. También encontramos diferencias en los relatos de la resurrección al igual que material propio en cada uno.
Diferencias
La visualización en paralelo de los tres evangelios sinópticos permitió apreciar las grandes coincidencias que existen entre ellos. Hay textos, en ocasiones largos, que están redactados con las mismas palabras y con las palabras en el mismo orden. Las diferencias indican más bien que los evangelios se escribieron con cierta independencia unos de otros.
Gospels paralles
§ 1. Preface
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 1 | Prologue | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1-4 | 1.1-18 |
§ 2. Birth and Childhood
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 2 | The Promise of the Birth of John the Baptist | 1.5-25 | |||
| 3 | The Annunciation | 1.26-38 | |||
| 4 | Mary’s Visit to Elizabeth | 1.39-56 | |||
| 5 | The Birth of John the Baptist | 1.57-80 | |||
| 6 | The Genealogy of Jesus | 1.2-17 | 3.23-38 | ||
| 7 | The Birth of Jesus | 1.18-25 | 2.1-7 | ||
| 8 | The Adoration of the Infant Jesus | 2.1-12 | 2.8-20 | ||
| 9 | The Circumcision and Presentation in the Temple | 2.21-38 | |||
| 10 | The Flight into Egypt and Return | 2.13-21 | |||
| 11 | The Childhood of Jesus at Nazareth | 2.22-23 | 2.39-40 | ||
| 12 | The Boy Jesus in the Temple | 2.41-52 |
§ 3. Preparation
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 13 | John the Baptist | 3.1-6 | 1.2-6 | 3.1-6 | 1.19-23 |
| 14 | John’s Preaching of Repentance | 3.7-10 | 3.7-9 | ||
| 15 | John Replies to Questioners | 3.10-14 | |||
| 16 | John’s Messianic Preaching | 3.11-12 | 1.7-8 | 3.15-18 | 1.24-28 |
| 17 | The Imprisonment of John | 14.3-4 | 6.17-18 | 3.19-20 | |
| 18 | The Baptism of Jesus | 3.13-17 | 1.9-11 | 3.21-22 | 1.29-34 |
| 19 | The Genealogy of Jesus | 1.1-17 | 3.23-38 | ||
| 20 | The Temptation | 4.1-11 | 1.12-13 | 4.1-13 |
§ 4. The Beginning of Jesus’ Public Ministry (According to John)
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 21 | The Call of the First Disciples | 1.35-51 | |||
| 22 | The Marriage at Cana | 2.1-11 | |||
| 23 | The Sojourn at Capernaum | 2.12 | |||
| 24 | The First Journey to Jerusalem | 2.13 | |||
| 25 | The Cleansing of the Temple | 21.12-13 | 11.15-17 | 19.45-46 | 2.14-22 |
| 26 | Jesus’ Ministry in Jerusalem | 2.23-25 | |||
| 27 | The Discourse with Nicodemus | 3.1-21 | |||
| 28 | Jesus’ Ministry in Judea | 3.22 | |||
| 29 | John’s Testimony to Christ | 3.23-36 |
§ 5. Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 30 | The Journey into Galilee | 4.12 | 1.14a | 4.14a | 4.1-3 |
| 31 | The Discourse with the Woman of Samaria | 4.4-42 | |||
| 32 | Ministry in Galilee | 4.13-17 | 1.14b-15 | 4.14b-15 | 4.43-46a |
| 33 | Jesus’ Preaching at Nazareth | 13.53-58 | 6.1-6a | 4.16-30 | |
| 34 | The Call of the Disciples | 4.18-22 | 1.16-20 | ||
| 35 | Teaching in the Synagogue at Capernaum | 1.21-22 | 4.31-32 | ||
| 36 | The Healing of the Demoniac in the Synagogue | 1.23-28 | 4.33-37 | ||
| 37 | The Healing of Peter’s Mother-in-law | 8.14-15 | 1.29-31 | 4.38-39 | |
| 38 | The Sick Healed at Evening | 8.16-17 | 1.32-34 | 4.40-41 | |
| 39 | Jesus Departs from Capernaurn | 1.35-38 | 4.42-43 | ||
| 40 | First Preaching Tour in Galilee | 4.23 | 1.39 | 4.44 | |
| 41 | The Miraculous Draught of Fish | 5.1-11 | |||
| 42 | The Cleansing of the Leper | 8.1-4 | 1.40-45 | 5.12-16 | |
| 43 | The Healing of the Paralytic | 9.1-8 | 2.1-12 | 5.17-26 | 5.8-9a |
| 44 | The Call of Levi (Matthew) | 9.9-13 | 2.13-17 | 5.27-32 | |
| 45 | The Question about Fasting | 9.14-17 | 2.18-22 | 5.33-39 | |
| 46 | Plucking Grain on the Sabbath | 12.1-8 | 2.23-28 | 6.1-5 | |
| 47 | The Man with the Withered Hand | 12.9-14 | 3.1-6 | 6.6-11 | |
| 48 | Jesus Heals Multitudes by the Sea | 4.24-25 12.15-16 | 3.7-12 | 6.17-19 | |
| 49 | The Choosing of the Twelve | 10.1-4 | 3.13-19 | 6.12-16 |
§ 6. The Sermon on the Mount (According to Matthew)
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 50 | Occasion of the Sermon | 4.24-5.2 | 3.7-13 a | 6.17-20a | |
| 51 | The Beatitudes | 5.3-12 | 6.20b-23 | ||
| 52 | The Salt of the Earth | 5.13 | 9.49-50 | 14.34-35 | |
| 53 | The Light of the World | 5.14-16 | 4.21 | 8.16 | |
| 54 | On the Law and the Prophets | 5.17-20 | 16.16-17 | ||
| 55 | On Murder and Wrath | 5.21-26 | 12.57-59 | ||
| 56 | On Adultery and Divorce | 5.27-32 | 9.43-48 | 16.18 | |
| 57 | On Oaths | 5.33-37 | |||
| 58 | On Retaliation | 5.38-42 | 6.29-30 | ||
| 59 | On Love of One’s Enemies | 5.43-48 | 6.27-28 6.32-36 | ||
| 60 | On Almsgiving | 6.1-4 | |||
| 61 | On Prayer | 6.5-6 | |||
| 62 | The Lord’s Prayer | 6.7-15 | 11.25 | 11.1-4 | |
| 63 | On Fasting | 6.16-18 | |||
| 64 | On Treasures | 6.19-21 | 12.33-34 | ||
| 65 | The Sound Eye | 6.22-23 | 11.34-36 | ||
| 66 | On Serving Two Masters | 6.24 | 16.13 | ||
| 67 | On Anxiety | 6.25-34 | 12.22-32 | ||
| 68 | On Judging | 7.1-5 | 4.24-25 | 6.37-42 | |
| 69 | On Profaning the Holy | 7.6 | |||
| 70 | God’s Answering of Prayer | 7.7-11 | 11.9-13 | ||
| 71 | The Golden Rule | 7.12 | 6.31 | ||
| 72 | The Two Ways | 7.13-14 | 13.23-24 | ||
| 73 | “By their Fruits” | 7.15-20 12.33-35 | 6.43-45 | ||
| 74 | “Saying Lord, Lord” | 7.21-23 | 6.46 13.25-27 | ||
| 75 | The House Built upon the Rock | 7.24-27 | 6.47-49 | ||
| 76 | The Effect of the Sermon | 7.28-29 | 1.21-22 |
§ 7. The Sermon on the Plain (According to Luke)
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 77 | Occasion of the Sermon | 4.24-5.2 | 3.7-13a | 6.17-20a | |
| 78 | The Beatitudes | 5.3-12 | 6.20b-23 | ||
| 79 | The Woes | 6.24-26 | |||
| 80 | On Love of One’s Enemies | 5.38-48 | 6.27-36 | ||
| 81 | On Judging | 7.1-5 | 4.24-25 | 6.37-42 | |
| 82 | “By their Fruits” | 7.15-20 12.33-35 | 6.43-45 | ||
| 83 | The House Built upon the Rock | 7.21-27 | 6.46-49 |
§ 8. Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee Continued
| No. | Pericope | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
| 84 | Cleansing of the Leper | 8.1-4 | 1.40-45 | 5.12-16 | |
| 85 | The Centurion of Capernaum | 8.5-13 | 7.30 | 7.1-10 13.28-29 | 4.46b-54 |
| 86 | The Widow’s Son at Nain | 7.11-17 | |||
| 87 | The Healing of Peter’s Mother-in-law | 8.14-15 | 1.29-31 | 4.38-39 | |
| 88 | The Sick Healed at Evening | 8.16-17 | 1.32-34 | 4.40-41 | |
| 89 | On Following Jesus | 8.18-22 | 9.57-62 | ||
| 90 | Stilling the Storm | 8.23-27 | 4.35-41 | 8.22-25 | |
| 91 | The Gadarene Demoniacs | 8.28-34 | 5.1-20 | 8.26-39 | |
| 92 | The Healing of the Paralytic | 9.1-8 | 2.1-12 | 5.17-26 | 5.8-9a |
| 93 | The Call of Levi (Matthew) | 9.9-13 | 2.13-17 | 5.27-32 | |
| 94 | The Question about Fasting | 9.14-17 | 2.18-22 | 5.33-39 | |
| 95 | Jairus’ Daughter and the Woman with a Hemorrhage | 9.18-26 | 5.21-43 | 8.40-56 | |
| 96 | Two Blind Men | 9.27-31 20.29-34 | 10.46-52 | 18.35-43 | |
| 97 | The Dumb Demoniac | 9.32-34 12.22-24 | 3.22 | 11.14-15 | |
| 98 | The Harvest is Great | 9.35-38 | 6.6b 6.34 | 8.1 10.2 | |
| 99 | Commissioning the Twelve | 10.1-16 | 6.7 3.13-19 6.8-11 | 9.1 6.12-16 9.2-5 10.3 | |
| 100 | The Fate of the Disciples | 10.17-25 24.9-14 | 13.9-13 | 12.11-12 6.40 21.12-19 | 13.16 |
| 101 | Exhortation to Fearless Confession | 10.26-33 | 12.2-9 | ||
| 102 | Divisions within Households | 10.34-36 | 12.51-53 | ||
| 103 | Conditions of Discipleship | 10.37-39 | 14.25-27 17.33 | 12.25 | |
| 104 | Rewards of Discipleship | 10.40-42 | 9.41 | 10.16 | 13.20 |
| 105 | Continuation of Journey | 11.1 | |||
| 106 | John the Baptist’s Question and Jesus’ Answer | 11.2-6 | 7.18-23 | ||
| 107 | Jesus’ Witness concerning John | 11.7-19 | 7.24-35 16.16 | ||
| 108 | Woes Pronounced on Galilean Cities | 11.20-24 | 10.12-15 | ||
| 109 | Jesus’ Thanksgiving to the Father | 11.25-27 | 10.21-22 | ||
| 110 | “Come unto Me” | 11.28-30 | |||
| 111 | Plucking Grain on the Sabbath | 12.1-8 | 2.23-28 | 6.1-5 | |
| 112 | Healing the Withered Hand | 12.9-14 | 3.1-6 | 6.6-11 | |
| 113 | Jesus Heals Multitudes by the Sea | 12.15-21 | 3.7-12 | 6.17-19 | |
| 114 | The Woman with the Ointment | 26.6-13 | 14.3-9 | 7.36-50 | 12.1-8 |
| 115 | The Ministering Women | 8.1-3 | |||
| 116 | Jesus is Thought to be Beside Himself | 3.20-21 | |||
| 117 | On Collusion with Satan | 12.22-30 9.32-34 | 3.22-27 | 11.14-15 11.17-23 | |
| 118 | The Sin against the Holy Spirit | 12.31-37 7.16-20 | 3.28-30 | 12.10 6.43-45 | |
| 119 | The Sign of Jonah | 12.38-42 16.1-2a,4 | 8.11-12 | 11.16 11.29-32 | |
| 120 | The Return of the Evil Spirit | 12.43-45 | 11.24-26 | ||
| 121 | Jesus’ True Kindred | 12.46-50 | 3.31-35 | 8.19-21 | 15.14 |
| 122 | The Parable of the Sower | 13.1-9 | 4.1-9 | 8.4-8 | |
| 123 | The Reason for Speaking in Parables | 13.10-17 | 4.10-12 4.25 | 8.9-10 8.18b 10.23-24 | |
| 124 | Interpretation of the Parable of the Sower | 13.18-23 | 4.13-20 | 8.11-15 | |
| 125 | “He who has Ears to Hear, Let him Hear” | 5.15 10.26 7.2 13.12 | 4.21-25 | 8.16-18 | |
| 126 | The Parable of the Seed Growing Secretly | 4.26-29 | |||
| 127 | The Parable of the Tares | 13.24-30 | |||
| 128 | The Parable of the Mustard Seed | 13.31-32 | 4.30-32 | 13.18-19 | |
| 129 | The Parable of the Leaven | 13.33 | 13.20-21 | ||
| 130 | Jesus’ Use of Parables | 13.34-35 | 4.33-34 | ||
| 131 | Interpretation of the Parable of the Tares | 13.36-43 | |||
| 132 | The Parables of the Hidden Treasure and of the Pearl | 13.44-46 | |||
| 133 | The Parable of the Net | 13.47-50 | |||
| 134 | Treasures New and Old | 13.51-52 | |||
| 135 | Jesus’ True Kindred | 12.46-50 | 3.31-35 | 8.19-21 | 15.14 |
| 136 | Stilling the Storm | 8.23-27 | 4.35-41 | 8.22-25 | |
| 137 | The Gerasene Demoniac | 8.28-34 | 5.1-20 | 8.26-39 | |
| 138 | Jairus’ Daughter and the Woman with a Hemorrhage | 9.18-26 | 5.21-43 | 8.40-56 | |
| 139 | Jesus is Rejected at Nazareth | 13.53-58 | 6.1-6a | 4.16-30 | |
| 140 | Second Journey (to Jerusalem) | 5.1 | |||
| 141 | The Healing at the Pool | 5.2-47 | |||
| 142 | Commissioning the Twelve | 9.35 10.1,7-11,14 | 6.6b-13 | 9.1-6 | |
| 143 | Opinions regarding Jesus | 14.1-2 | 6.14-16 | 9.7-9 | |
| 144 | The Death of John the Baptist | 14.3-12 | 6.17-29 | 3.19-20 | |
| 145 | The Return of the Apostles | 6.30-31 | 9.10a | ||
| 146 | Five Thousand are Fed | 14.13-21 | 6.32-44 | 9. 10b-17 | 6.1-15 |
| 147 | The Walking on the Water | 14.22-33 | 6.45-52 | 6.16-21 | |
| 148 | Healings at Gennesaret | 14.34-36 | 6.53-56 | 6.22-25 | |
| 149 | The Bread of Life | 6.26-59 | |||
| 150 | Defilement – Traditional and Real | 15.1-20 | 7.1-23 | 11.37-41 6.39 | |
| 151 | The Syrophoenician (Canaanite) Woman | 15.21-28 | 7.24-30 | ||
| 152 | Jesus Heals a Deaf Mute and Many Others | 15.29-31 | 7.31-37 | ||
| 153 | Four Thousand are Fed | 15.32-39 | 8.1-10 | ||
| 154 | The Pharisees Seek a Sign | 16.1-4 12.38-39 | 8.11-13 | 11.16 12.54-56 11.29 | |
| 155 | The Leaven of the Pharisees | 16.5-12 | 8.14-21 | 12.1 | |
| 156 | A Blind Man is Healed at Bethsaida | 8.22-26 |
Because these three seem to have the ‘same view’ on a lot of matters, they have been called the “synoptic” Gospels, from the Greek syn (same) and optic (relating to sight or view).
Conclusión
Teniendo en cuenta toda esta información, podemos concluir que sea cual sea la fuente de tradición oral o escrita que haya sido base de cada uno de estos evangelios, estos además de compartir sobre los hechos sucedidos en los días nuestro Señor Jesús, cada uno de ellos cuenta la historia de nuestro Señor Jesús desde una perspectiva personal, dónde cada uno de los evangelistas pone su toque personal y lógicamente cada uno de estos libros fueron inspirados por el espíritu Santo, y cada libro tiene su enseñanza en particular.
Referencias
https://www.definicionabc.com/religion/evangelios-sinopticos.php
https://teologicamente.com/2011/05/%C2%BFcuales-son-los-evangelios-sinopticos/
http://www.bible-researcher.com/parallels.html
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