Research progress on the anticarcinogenic actions and mechanisms of ellagic acid
Hong-Mei Zhang, Lei Zhao, […], and Lin Tao Additional article information Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer treatments by chemotherapeutic agents, surgery, and radiation have not been highly effective in reducing the incidence of cancers and increasing the survival rate of cancer patients. In recent years, plant-derived compounds have attracted considerable attention as alternative cancer remedies for enhancing cancer prevention and treatment because of their low toxicities, low costs, and low side effects. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenolic constituent. Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that EA elicits anticarcinogenic effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, breaking DNA binding to carcinogens, blocking virus infection, and disturbing inflammation, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance processes required for tumor growth and metastasis. This review enumerates the anticarcinogenic actions and mechanisms of EA. It also discusses future directions on the applications of EA.KEYWORDS : Ellagic acid (EA), cancer, mechanism https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069806/
Kakadu plums contain roughly 228–14,020 mg of ellagic acid per 3.5 ounces (100 grams) of dried fruit. The exact amount is determined by the tree, climate, soil conditions, ripeness, and storage conditions (19Trusted Source). https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/kakadu-plum-benefits#57.-Other-benefits
Organic acids in Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana): The good (ellagic), the bad (oxalic) and the uncertain (ascorbic)
David J Williams et al. Food Res Int. 2016 Nov. Abstract The phenolic ellagic acid (EA) is receiving increasing attention for its nutritional and pharmacological potential as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The Australian native Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) fruit is an abundant source of this phytochemical. The fruit also contains large amounts of vitamin C (mainly as ascorbic acid, AA) and possibly the undesirable oxalic acid (OA). Regular consumption of high oxalate foods poses a variety of health risks in humans including interference with calcium absorption and kidney stone formation. Oxalate is also the end-product of AA metabolism so that consumption of fruit with heightened AA content has the potential to elevate urinary oxalate levels. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of EA and the presence of other bioactives in other Kakadu plum tissues. Chemical analysis of Kakadu plum fruit and leaves for EA (free and total), OA (water-soluble and total), calcium (Ca) and AA indicated that EA and AA concentrations were high in the fruit while the leaves had significantly higher EA levels but little or no detectable AA. OA content in fruit and leaves was substantial with the fruit being placed in the high-Oxalate category. These findings suggest that there is potential to elevate oxalate levels in the urine of susceptible people and intake of fruit-derived products should be closely monitored. By measuring tissues collected from specific trees, high EA-producing or low OA-containing individuals were identified. Keywords: Identification of individual trees possessing high bioactive tissues; Kakadu plum fruit and leaves; Link between oxalic and ascorbic acids; Nutraceutical plant; Oxalate: Calcium ratio; Quantification of organic acids. Solo para usuarios registrados
Leprosy, also called Hansen’s disease, is a contagious disease. One way it spreads is from person to person. Even so, it’s actually hard to catch. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 95% of humans are immune to the bacteria that cause this disease1.
Because so many people are immune, how we catch it is still a bit of a mystery.
Scientists have learned that to catch leprosy, a healthy person must have months of close contact with someone who has leprosy.
https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/leprosy-risk
SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online o Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea) es un proyecto de biblioteca electrónica, iniciativa de la Fundación para el Apoyo a la Investigación del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (Fundación de Apoyo a la Investigación del Estado de São Paulo — FAPESP) y del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME),[1] que permite la publicación electrónica de ediciones completas de las revistas científicas mediante una plataforma de software que posibilita el acceso a través de distintos mecanismos, incluyendo listas de títulos y por materia, índices de autores y materias y un motor de búsqueda.
[1] Brito, Marcilio de (2001). «Présentation de la bibliothèque électronique SciELO et de ses DTD». Guide pour les revues numériques. Consultado el 17 de enero de 2018.
Evidence Based Medicine: How we (should) make decisions in science and medicine
High-level versus Low-level Evidence – the Hierarchy of Medical Evidence https://www.meehanmd.com/articles/post/173679/an-evidence-based-scientific-analysis-of-why-masks-are-ineffective-unnecessary-and-harmful
Advocates for mask mandates simply don’t have the highest-levels of scientific evidence to support their arguments. They can only cite low-level science – retrospective observational studies.
Evidence hierarchies are often applied in evidence-based practices and are integral to decision making in medicine and the practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The following is from the Wikipedia definition and description of this issue:
A hierarchy of evidence (or levels of evidence) is a heuristic used to rank the relative strength of results obtained from scientific research. There is broad agreement on the relative strength of large-scale, epidemiological studies.
More than 80 different hierarchies have been proposed for assessing medical evidence.[1] The design of the study (such as a case report for an individual patient or a blinded randomized controlled trial) and the endpoints measured (such as survival or quality of life) affect the strength of the evidence. In clinical research, the best evidence for treatment efficacy is mainly from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).[2][3] Typically, systematic reviews of completed, high-quality randomized controlled trials – such as those published by the Cochrane Collaboration – rank as the highest quality of evidence above observational studies, while expert opinion and anecdotal experience are at the bottom level of evidence quality.[2][4]
- Siegfried T (2017-11-13). "Philosophical critique exposes flaws in medical evidence hierarchies". Science News. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
- Shafee, Thomas; Masukume, Gwinyai; Kipersztok, Lisa; Das, Diptanshu; Häggström, Mikael; Heilman, James (28 August 2017). "Evolution of Wikipedia's medical content: past, present and future";. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 71 (11): jech–2016–208601. doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208601. ISSN 0143-005X. PMC 5847101. PMID 28847845.
- Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB (2005). Evidence-based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 102–05. ISBN 978-0443074448.
- Kim Hugel (16 May 2013). "The Journey of Research – Levels of Evidence". Canadian Association of Pharmacy in Oncology. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
READ Matthew 15:11 común vs inmundo Levitico El aislamiento es para el enfermo, no para los sanos
Agua de mar y salud bucodental, beneficios y recomendaciones
30 Julio, 2019 Grupo Llona, Salud BucodentalAgua Con Cloro, Agua Con Sal, Agua De Mar, Agua De Mar Y Salud Bucodental, Salud Bucodental https://www.grupollona.es/agua-de-mar-y-salud-bucodental-beneficios-y-recomendaciones/#:~:text=Agua%20de%20mar%2C%20en%20enjuague,curaci%C3%B3n%20de%20extracciones%20y%20heridas.
Agua de mar, en enjuague o bebida, es muy beneficiosa en boca y contribuye a una buena salud bucodental y general. Interviene positivamente en procesos inflamatorios de las encías, previene la caries y el mal aliento, desinfecta, calma el dolor y acelera la curación de extracciones y heridas. Además. se comporta eficazmente en el cuidado de la gingivitis y la periodontitis y, lo mejor, sin efectos secundarios, como alteración del gusto o tinción dental.
Research has linked social isolation and loneliness to higher risks for a variety of physical and mental conditions: high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and even death.23 abr 2019https://www.nia.nih.gov › news › so… Social isolation, loneliness in older people pose health risks
Leviticus 13:46 https://www.studylight.org/interlinear-study-bible/greek/leviticus/13-45.html ἀκάθαρτος
Diet-Related Risk Factors for Leprosy: A Case-Control Study
Inge Wagenaar, Lisanne van Muiden, […], and Jan Hendrik Richardus Additional article information Associated Data Supplementary MaterialsData Availability Statement Abstract Background Food shortage was associated with leprosy in two recent studies investigating the relation between socioeconomic factors and leprosy. Inadequate intake of nutrients due to food shortage may affect the immune system and influence the progression of infection to clinical leprosy. We aimed to identify possible differences in dietary intake between recently diagnosed leprosy patients and control subjects. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428634/
ÁCIDO ASCÓRBICO vs Vitamin C Whole Vs. Fractionated
In addition to avoiding isolate supplements, it’s also a good idea to steer clear of vitamins that aren’t made by nature. Unfortunately, the most common form of vitamin C found in supplements is ascorbic acid, which is a laboratory-made synthetic—often sourced from genetically modified corn. Although ascorbic acid chemically similar to vitamin C, it’s not truly identical. It’s missing some of the vital elements that make natural vitamin C so beneficial—such as rutin, bioflavonoids, factor K, factor J, factor P, and ascorbinogen. Ascorbic acid may also reduce copper levels and upset the balance of your delicate microbiome. To compound these issues, synthetic sources of vitamin C may be highly acidic, which could make it more difficult for your body to absorb nutrients from the healthy foods you eat. https://sarifoods.co/blogs/news/129938951-the-benefits-of-natural-vitamin-c
REVIEW https://www.saludestrategica.com/acido-ascorbico-vs-vitamina-c/
Este ácido tiene propiedades antioxidantes (por eso se usa con frecuencia como conservante alimentario) que ayudan a evitar la degradación del resto de elementos de la vitamina C. Además, el ácido ascórbico tiene propiedades antisépticas y por eso suele ir bien (a corto plazo) para apoyar al sistema inmune en su lucha contra patógenos.
Los elementos del complejo vitamina C son los siguientes:
- Ácido ascórbico
- Bioflavonoides
- Factor P (o “vitamina” P): un compuesto hidrosoluble también conocido como rutina que promueve la resistencia capilar (¿tienes varices?). Es un flavonoide que se encuentra en algunos alimentos vegetales como los espárragos y los cítricos
- Factor K (o vitamina K)
- Factor J (o “vitamina” J). A veces la colina recibe este nombre, e incluso se le llega a agrupar junto con las vitaminas del grupo B.
- Tirosinasa es una enzima presente en los tejidos de plantas y animales que contiene cobre como cofactor y se encarga de catalizar la producción de melanina (el pigmento del pelo y la piel) a partir del aminoácido tirosina mediante oxidación.
A la vista de esta información, comprar ácido ascórbico pensando que es vitamina C es como ir al concesionario a comprar un coche e irte de allí con un chasis nuevo y reluciente pero sin ruedas, motor ni volante. Para que el ácido ascórbico sea realmente vitamina C debe combinarse con los demás componentes.
Known Tyrosinase inhibitors are the following:[22]
[22] Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V (December 2017). “Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors”. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 32 (1): 403–425. doi:10.1080/14756366.2016.1256882. PMC6010116. PMID28097901.
Influence of Vitamin P (Vitamin C2) upon the Amount of Ascorbic Acid in the Organs of the Guinea Pig
H. COTEREAU, M. GABE, … J.-L. PARROT Nature volume 161, pages557–558 (1948) Cite this article 79 Accesses 27 Citations 3 Altmetric Metricsdetails Abstract WE have put forward previously the view that vitamin P acts upon vitamin C as a ‘sparing factor’ by slowing down its oxidation; this factor should be indispensable, for without it the organism would need vitamin C in much larger quantities than can be supplied by a normal diet1. This theory led us to carry out two series of experiments. The first showed that various substances capable of raising the mean capillary resistance of a group of guinea pigs decrease in vitro oxidation of l-ascorbic acid2. The other showed that l-ascorbic acid, administered to guinea pigs, even in large doses and over a long period, is inefficient if the animals are given at the same time a diet deficient in an ascorbic acid economizing factor. Conversely, if vitamin P is added, l-ascorbic acid, even in small doses, becomes fully efficient ; vitamin P alone, without ascorbic acid, has no effect. The tests used were the mean capillary resistance of a group of guinea pigs and the histological picture of the thyroid gland and of the cortico-adrenal gland3. https://www.nature.com/articles/161557a0
REVIEW Whole Food Vitamins: Ascorbic Acid Is Not Vitamin C – by Timothy O’Shea, medical researcher https://www.justlivewell.com/whole-food-vitamins-ascorbic-acid-is-not-vitamin-c/ Without further ado, here’s the kernel: ascorbic acid is not vitamin C. Alpha tocopherol is not vitamin E. Retinoic acid is not vitamin A. And so on through the other vitamins. Vast sums of money have been expended to make these myths part of Conventional Wisdom. If you have several college degrees and all this is news to you, don’t feel bad. Unless you think your education ended at Commencement. Which is generally true.
Going off on a tangent, ever wondered how the FDA attained its present position as attack dog for the drug companies and food manufacturers? It’s another whole story in itself. The precursor of the FDA was the Bureau of Chemistry. Up until 1912 the Bureau of Chemistry was headed up by a man named Dr. Harvey W. Wiley. Here’s a quote from Dr. Wiley that illustrates where his interests lay:
“No food product in our country would have any trace of benzoic acid, sulfurous acid or sulfites or any alum or saccharin, save for medical purposes. No soft drink would contain caffeine or theobromine. No bleached flour would enter interstate commerce. Our foods and drugs would be wholly without any form of adulteration and misbranding. The health of our people would be vastly improved and the life greatly extended. The manufacturers of our food supply, and especially the millers, would devote their energies to improving the public health and promoting happiness in every home by the production of whole ground, unbolted cereal flours and meals.”
– The History of a Crime Against the Pure Food Law,1912
Now obviously we can’t have a dangerous lunatic like this in charge of the public nutrition, can we? Dr. Wiley actually filed suit against the Coca-Cola company in an attempt to keep their artificial product out of interstate commerce, and off the market. Fortunately, Wiley was eventually replaced by a saner individual, more attuned to the real nutritional needs of the American people, as determined by the experts who knew what was best for us: the food manufacturers. This was Dr. Elmer Nelson, and in his words we get an idea of the change in philosophy that marked the transformation of the Bureau of Chemistry into the FDA: “It is wholly unscientific to state that a well-fed body is more able to resist disease than a poorly-fed body. My overall opinion is that there hasn’t been enough experimentation to prove that dietary deficiencies make one susceptible to disease.” – Elmer Nelson MD, Washington Post 26 Oct 49
In addition, mineral co-factors must be available in proper amounts.
If any of these parts are missing, there is no vitamin C, no vitamin activity. When some of them are present, the body will draw on its own stores to make up the differences, so that the whole vitamin may be present. Only then will vitamin activity take place, provided that all other conditions and co-factors are present. Ascorbic acid is described merely as the “antioxidant wrapper” portion of vitamin C; ascorbic acid protects the functional parts of the vitamin from rapid oxidation or breakdown. (Somer, p 58 “Vitamin C: A Lesson in Keeping An Open Mind” The Nutrition Report)
I remember Dr. E. M. Nelson, – Elmer Nelson was head of the Division of Nutrition at that time, – he told the Commissioner that this development of inter-Division teams on specific pro-jects was one of the best things that had happened. https://www.fda.gov › mediaPDFFDA Oral History Interview, RoeM. Nelson, – Elmer Nelson was head of the Division of. Nutrition at that time, – he told the Commissioner that this
Eat like yourancestors: Not your grandmother, but your great-g-g-g-g-g-g-g-grandmother!
Did you know that in 1906 when flour bleaching became more widespread that the FDA banned it from use? A mere six years later the FDA changed its stance because Dr. Nelson, new director of the FDA in 1912, unbelievingly said, “It is wholly unscientific to state that a well-fed body is more able to resist disease than a poorly fed body. My overall opinion is that there hasn’t been enough experimentation to prove that dietary deficiencies make one susceptible to disease.” Well, we sure know that’s not true! And in regard to white flour, many studies since have confirmed that the bleaching process results in byproducts that are toxic to humans. In fact, many processed foods have been the target of research that shows there are hidden dangers in these foods that can impact human health. Scary things abound, such as the fast-food hamburger that didn’t decay after being kept on a shelf for 12 years and another famous fast-food chain’s “taco beef filling” that is only 36% meat. Food just isn’t food anymore. https://www.waldenu.edu/news-and-events/spotlight/2013/guest-blog-we-interrupt-this-diet-for-important-message
REVIEW Dr. Elmer M. Nelson took his place in 1912 and is quoted in the Washington Post, October 26, 1949 https://www.thrivinghealthny.com/post/2018/04/02/gleaning-from-the-food-of-yesterday-the-fda-1
January 13, 2014 http://www.arthurhaines.com/blog/2014/6/13/vitamin-c-and-ascorbic-acid-are-not-the-same-thing
We have been trained in this country to think of many things as isolated features. Whether it is nutrition, or medicine, or even how we examine ourselves relative to the environment we live in, we are convinced that we can understand complex structures and processes by understanding the individual parts. This belief has led to a tremendous amount of confusion, failure of medicine, and poor nutritional practices. A classic example of this confusion is osteoporosis, a progressive decrease in bone density that creates a risk of fractures. This condition was long treated with calcium supplementation. However, simply supplementing with this mineral can lead to calcium being deposited in the wrong place (i.e., not in the bones), such as in the joints (leading to osteoarthritis) and in the blood vessels (leading to atherosclerosis). Calcium has several co-factors it needs to work properly in the body, such as vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium, along with saturated fat (to assist with the incorporation of calcium in the bones) and exercise (to stress the bones). Without these co-factors, some of the calcium ends up in the wrong place. This example clearly points to the logical fallacy of thinking that a given health issue can be repaired by supplementing with a single nutritional factor.
Though European explorers and colonists have a long history of succumbing to vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), this vitamin is ever present on the landscape and easy to incorporate in the diet. Relying on synthetic vitamin C does not provide the full spectrum of health benefits found in naturally occurring vitamin C and misses the point that vitamins don’t act alone but rather in concert with minerals, macronutrients, various compounds, and other vitamins.
Why getting vitamin C through ascorbic acid is a problem https://www.northcoast.organic/beware-ascorbic-acid-synthetic-vitamin-c/#:~:text=According%20to%20an%20article%20in,should%20have%20reason%20to%20worry.
According to an article in The Healthy Home Economist, ascorbic acid is actually synthetic vitamin C, usually derived from GMO corn. And, there is a growing body of evidence that those consuming high doses of ascorbic acid should have reason to worry.
The Winter 2009 edition of Wise Traditions cites 3 studies, which give pause about large doses of vitamin C. The first study (from the Jun 15, 2001 issue of Science) showed that “synthetic vitamin C may contribute to the formation of genotoxins that can lead to cancer.” A second study presented to the American Heart Association showed a link between consumption of only 500mg of vitamin C per day and a greater propensity toward thickening of the arteries (Los Angeles Times, March 3, 2000).
Even more recently, athletes taking 1000mg of vitamin C per day showed reduced endurance capacity from interference with antioxidant enzymes (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jan 2008).
Instead of getting extra vitamin C through ascorbic acid, the article recommends non ascorbic acid vitamin C supplements. There are many types available on the market.
Vitamin C Produces Gene-Damaging Compounds, Test-Tube Study In Science Reports
Date:June 15, 2001Source:American Association For The Advancement Of ScienceSummary:Vitamin C, known to be a DNA-protecting “antioxidant,” is a switch hitter, also capable of inducing the production of DNA-damaging compounds, suggests a study in the 15 June issue of the international journal, Science. Mutations caused by these compounds have been found in a variety of tumors. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/06/010615072358.htm
REVIEW https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/
BACK TO VOL. 292, NO. 5524 Vitamin C-Induced Decomposition of Lipid Hydroperoxides to Endogenous Genotoxins SEON HWA LEETOMOYUKI OEAND IAN A. BLAIR fewer Authors Info & AffiliationsSCIENCE • 15 Jun 2001 • Vol 292, Issue 5524 • pp. 2083-2086 • DOI: 10.1126/science.1059501 Epidemiological data suggest that dietary antioxidants play a protective role against cancer. This has led to the proposal that dietary supplementation with antioxidants such as vitamin C (vit C) may be useful in disease prevention. However, vit C has proved to be ineffective in cancer chemoprevention studies. In addition, concerns have been raised over potentially deleterious transition metal ion–mediated pro-oxidant effects. We have now determined that vit C induces lipid hydroperoxide decomposition to the DNA-reactive bifunctional electrophiles 4-oxo-2-nonenal, 4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The compound 4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal is a precursor of etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine, a highly mutagenic lesion found in human DNA. Vitamin C–mediated formation of genotoxins from lipid hydroperoxides in the absence of transition metal ions could help explain its lack of efficacy as a cancer chemoprevention agent. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1059501
Can Vitamin C Damage DNA? Supplement appears to spur formation of toxins 14 JUN 2001 BY MARTHA DOWNS https://www.science.org/content/article/can-vitamin-c-damage-dna
Large Doses of Vitamin C Supplements Linked to Atherosclerosis BY Alicia Di RadoMARCH 27, 2000 Regular intake of vitamin C pills over time may quicken the thickening of artery walls, a condition known as atherosclerosis, according to USC Keck School of Medicine researchers. https://news.usc.edu/7559/Large-Doses-of-Vitamin-C-Supplements-Linked-to-Atherosclerosis/#:~:text=Regular%20intake%20of%20vitamin%20C,Keck%20School%20of%20Medicine%20researchers. People taking about 500 mg of vitamin C in supplements each day for a year showed a progression in carotid wall thickness that was 2.5 times greater than those who did not take a vitamin C supplement, whether they were men or women. And the higher the dose, Dwyer said, the greater the atherosclerosis progression.
Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance
Mari-Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Elena Domenech, Marco Romagnoli, Alessandro Arduini, Consuelo Borras, Federico V Pallardo, Juan Sastre, Jose ViñaThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 87, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 142–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.1.142Published: 01 January 2008 https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/87/1/142/4633311
Background: Exercise practitioners often take vitamin C supplements because intense muscular contractile activity can result in oxidative stress, as indicated by altered muscle and blood glutathione concentrations and increases in protein, DNA, and lipid peroxidation. There is, however, considerable debate regarding the beneficial health effects of vitamin C supplementation.
Objective: This study was designed to study the effect of vitamin C on training efficiency in rats and in humans.
Design: The human study was double-blind and randomized. Fourteen men (27–36 y old) were trained for 8 wk. Five of the men were supplemented daily with an oral dose of 1 g vitamin C. In the animal study, 24 male Wistar rats were exercised under 2 different protocols for 3 and 6 wk. Twelve of the rats were treated with a daily dose of vitamin C (0.24 mg/cm2 body surface area).
Results: The administration of vitamin C significantly (P = 0.014) hampered endurance capacity. The adverse effects of vitamin C may result from its capacity to reduce the exercise-induced expression of key transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. These factors are peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor co-activator 1, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Vitamin C also prevented the exercise-induced expression of cytochrome C (a marker of mitochondrial content) and of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation decreases training efficiency because it prevents some cellular adaptations to exercise.
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